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* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
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name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
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^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-01-27 07:23 Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 1 reply; 65+ messages in thread
From: Xuneng Zhou @ 2026-01-27 07:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>; +Cc: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
Hi Hackers,
This patch series introduces pg_stat_recovery, a new view that exposes
the startup process’s internal recovery state at the SQL level. It
follows the pattern of pg_stat_wal_receiver, but focuses on WAL replay
and recovery rather than WAL reception.
The view provides visibility into replay progress, recovery timing,
and operational status—information that was previously scattered
across separate function calls or not exposed at all.
As Michael suggested [1][2], this view is intentionally independent of
walreceiver state, since the startup process can consume WAL from
multiple sources (archive, pg_wal, or streaming), not just streaming
replication.
The patch series:
0001: Refactor: move XLogRecoveryCtlData struct to xlogrecovery.h
Move the XLogRecoveryCtlData struct definition from xlogrecovery.c to
xlogrecovery.h,
0002: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
Introduces the core view with columns
0003: Refactor: move XLogSource enum to xlogrecovery.h
Preparatory refactoring to make XLogSource visible externally.
0004: Add wal_source column to pg_stat_recovery
Adds wal_source column showing where WAL was last read from:
'archive', 'pg_wal', or 'stream'.
Example usage on a standby:
SELECT promote_triggered, pause_state, wal_source,
pg_size_pretty(pg_wal_lsn_diff(replay_end_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn))
FROM pg_stat_recovery;
promote_triggered | pause_state | wal_source | pg_size_pretty
-------------------+-------------+------------+----------------
f | not paused | stream | 0 bytes
Feedbacks welcome.
[1] https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
[2] https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
--
Best,
Xuneng
Attachments:
[application/octet-stream] v1-0002-Add-pg_stat_recovery-system-view.patch (17.0K, ../../CABPTF7W+Nody-+P9y4PNk37-QWuLpfUrEonHuEhrX+Vx9Kq+Kw@mail.gmail.com/2-v1-0002-Add-pg_stat_recovery-system-view.patch)
download | inline diff:
From e455ad14d53a4c1737c303aa036c2138537a3152 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 12:11:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v1 2/4] Add pg_stat_recovery system view
Introduce pg_stat_recovery to expose WAL recovery state of the startup
process. The view provides:
- promote_triggered: whether promotion has been requested
- last_replayed_read_lsn/last_replayed_end_lsn: boundaries of last replayed record
- last_replayed_tli: timeline of last replayed record
- replay_end_lsn/replay_end_tli: current replay position
- recovery_last_xact_time: timestamp of last replayed commit/abort
- current_chunk_start_time: start time of current WAL chunk
- pause_state: recovery pause status (not paused/pause requested/paused)
Sensitive columns (LSNs, timelines, timestamps) require pg_read_all_stats
membership; basic status columns are visible to all users.
Returns zero rows when not in recovery.
---
doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml | 156 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c | 143 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql | 13 +++
src/include/catalog/catversion.h | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 8 ++
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out | 10 ++
src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out | 7 ++
src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql | 3 +
8 files changed, 341 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index b77d189a500..ac2cb309976 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -338,6 +338,15 @@ postgres 27093 0.0 0.0 30096 2752 ? Ss 11:34 0:00 postgres: ser
</entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname><indexterm><primary>pg_stat_recovery</primary></indexterm></entry>
+ <entry>Only one row, showing statistics about the recovery state of the
+ startup process. This view returns no row when not in recovery.
+ See <link linkend="monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-view">
+ <structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname></link> for details.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry><structname>pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</structname><indexterm><primary>pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</primary></indexterm></entry>
<entry>Only one row, showing statistics about blocks prefetched during recovery.
@@ -1912,6 +1921,153 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-view">
+ <title><structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname></title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>pg_stat_recovery</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ The <structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname> view will contain only
+ one row, showing statistics about the recovery state of the startup
+ process. This view returns no row when the server is not in recovery.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some columns are restricted to members of the
+ <literal>pg_read_all_stats</literal> role; other users will see
+ <literal>NULL</literal> values for these columns. The restricted columns
+ include LSN values, timeline IDs, and timestamps. Basic operational status
+ columns (<structfield>promote_triggered</structfield>,
+ <structfield>pause_state</structfield>) are visible to all users.
+ </para>
+
+ <table id="pg-stat-recovery-view" xreflabel="pg_stat_recovery">
+ <title><structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname> View</title>
+ <tgroup cols="1">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ Column Type
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Description
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>promote_triggered</structfield> <type>boolean</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ True if a promotion has been triggered for this standby server.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>last_replayed_read_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Start LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ End LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>last_replayed_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Timeline of the last replayed WAL record.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Current replay position. When replaying a record, this is the end
+ position of the record being replayed; otherwise it equals
+ <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield>.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>replay_end_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Timeline of the current replay position.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>recovery_last_xact_time</structfield> <type>timestamp with time zone</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Timestamp of the last transaction commit or abort replayed during
+ recovery. This is the commit/abort time recorded in the WAL record.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>current_chunk_start_time</structfield> <type>timestamp with time zone</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Time when the server started replaying the current chunk of WAL data.
+ This is used to calculate recovery conflict timeouts.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>pause_state</structfield> <type>text</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Recovery pause state. Possible values are:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>not paused</literal>: Recovery is proceeding normally.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>pause requested</literal>: A pause has been requested
+ but recovery has not yet paused.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>paused</literal>: Recovery is paused.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-prefetch">
<title><structname>pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</structname></title>
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 2efe4105efb..330bf00f6d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@
#include "access/xlog_internal.h"
#include "access/xlogbackup.h"
#include "access/xlogrecovery.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pgstat.h"
+#include "storage/spin.h"
+#include "utils/acl.h"
#include "replication/walreceiver.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/latch.h"
@@ -748,3 +751,143 @@ pg_promote(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
wait_seconds)));
PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
}
+
+/*
+ * pg_stat_get_recovery - returns information about WAL recovery state
+ *
+ * Returns zero rows when not in recovery, one row when in recovery.
+ *
+ * Privilege model: View is public, sensitive fields (LSNs, timelines,
+ * timestamps) are redacted (set to NULL) for users without pg_read_all_stats
+ * membership. Basic operational state (promote_triggered, pause_state) is
+ * always visible.
+ */
+Datum
+pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+#define PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS 9
+ ReturnSetInfo *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
+ Datum values[PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS];
+ bool nulls[PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS];
+ bool has_privs;
+
+ /* Local copies of shared state */
+ bool promote_triggered;
+ XLogRecPtr last_replayed_read_lsn;
+ XLogRecPtr last_replayed_end_lsn;
+ TimeLineID last_replayed_tli;
+ XLogRecPtr replay_end_lsn;
+ TimeLineID replay_end_tli;
+ TimestampTz recovery_last_xact_time;
+ TimestampTz current_chunk_start_time;
+ RecoveryPauseState pause_state;
+
+ InitMaterializedSRF(fcinfo, 0);
+
+ /* Return zero rows when not in recovery */
+ if (!RecoveryInProgress())
+ return (Datum) 0;
+
+ /*
+ * Check privilege level. We still return a row for unprivileged users,
+ * but redact sensitive fields (LSNs, timelines, timestamps).
+ */
+ has_privs = has_privs_of_role(GetUserId(), ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS);
+
+ /* Take a lock to ensure value consistency */
+ SpinLockAcquire(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ promote_triggered = XLogRecoveryCtl->SharedPromoteIsTriggered;
+ last_replayed_read_lsn = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReplayedReadRecPtr;
+ last_replayed_end_lsn = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReplayedEndRecPtr;
+ last_replayed_tli = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReplayedTLI;
+ replay_end_lsn = XLogRecoveryCtl->replayEndRecPtr;
+ replay_end_tli = XLogRecoveryCtl->replayEndTLI;
+ recovery_last_xact_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryLastXTime;
+ current_chunk_start_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->currentChunkStartTime;
+ pause_state = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryPauseState;
+ SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+
+ /* Initialize nulls array */
+ memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
+
+ /* promote_triggered - always visible */
+ values[0] = BoolGetDatum(promote_triggered);
+
+ /*
+ * Sensitive fields: LSNs, timelines, timestamps. Redact for users
+ * without pg_read_all_stats privilege.
+ */
+ if (has_privs)
+ {
+ /* last_replayed_read_lsn */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(last_replayed_read_lsn))
+ values[1] = LSNGetDatum(last_replayed_read_lsn);
+ else
+ nulls[1] = true;
+
+ /* last_replayed_end_lsn */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(last_replayed_end_lsn))
+ values[2] = LSNGetDatum(last_replayed_end_lsn);
+ else
+ nulls[2] = true;
+
+ /* last_replayed_tli - NULL if corresponding LSN is invalid */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(last_replayed_end_lsn))
+ values[3] = Int32GetDatum(last_replayed_tli);
+ else
+ nulls[3] = true;
+
+ /* replay_end_lsn */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(replay_end_lsn))
+ values[4] = LSNGetDatum(replay_end_lsn);
+ else
+ nulls[4] = true;
+
+ /* replay_end_tli - NULL if corresponding LSN is invalid */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(replay_end_lsn))
+ values[5] = Int32GetDatum(replay_end_tli);
+ else
+ nulls[5] = true;
+
+ /* recovery_last_xact_time */
+ if (recovery_last_xact_time != 0)
+ values[6] = TimestampTzGetDatum(recovery_last_xact_time);
+ else
+ nulls[6] = true;
+
+ /* current_chunk_start_time */
+ if (current_chunk_start_time != 0)
+ values[7] = TimestampTzGetDatum(current_chunk_start_time);
+ else
+ nulls[7] = true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Redact sensitive fields for unprivileged users */
+ nulls[1] = true; /* last_replayed_read_lsn */
+ nulls[2] = true; /* last_replayed_end_lsn */
+ nulls[3] = true; /* last_replayed_tli */
+ nulls[4] = true; /* replay_end_lsn */
+ nulls[5] = true; /* replay_end_tli */
+ nulls[6] = true; /* recovery_last_xact_time */
+ nulls[7] = true; /* current_chunk_start_time */
+ }
+
+ /* pause_state - always visible */
+ switch (pause_state)
+ {
+ case RECOVERY_NOT_PAUSED:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("not paused");
+ break;
+ case RECOVERY_PAUSE_REQUESTED:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("pause requested");
+ break;
+ case RECOVERY_PAUSED:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("paused");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ tuplestore_putvalues(rsinfo->setResult, rsinfo->setDesc, values, nulls);
+
+ return (Datum) 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 7553f31fef0..a88cac599c4 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -984,6 +984,19 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_wal_receiver AS
FROM pg_stat_get_wal_receiver() s
WHERE s.pid IS NOT NULL;
+CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery AS
+ SELECT
+ s.promote_triggered,
+ s.last_replayed_read_lsn,
+ s.last_replayed_end_lsn,
+ s.last_replayed_tli,
+ s.replay_end_lsn,
+ s.replay_end_tli,
+ s.recovery_last_xact_time,
+ s.current_chunk_start_time,
+ s.pause_state
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s;
+
CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery_prefetch AS
SELECT
s.stats_reset,
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/catversion.h b/src/include/catalog/catversion.h
index fb577026666..fe3acbfb911 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/catversion.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/catversion.h
@@ -57,6 +57,6 @@
*/
/* yyyymmddN */
-#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO 202601261
+#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO 202601271
#endif
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 5e5e33f64fc..3b1569d8a3f 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5697,6 +5697,14 @@
proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
proargnames => '{pid,status,receive_start_lsn,receive_start_tli,written_lsn,flushed_lsn,received_tli,last_msg_send_time,last_msg_receipt_time,latest_end_lsn,latest_end_time,slot_name,sender_host,sender_port,conninfo}',
prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_wal_receiver' },
+{ oid => '9949', descr => 'statistics: information about WAL recovery',
+ proname => 'pg_stat_get_recovery', prorows => '1', proretset => 't',
+ provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record',
+ proargtypes => '',
+ proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,timestamptz,text}',
+ proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
+ proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,recovery_last_xact_time,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state}',
+ prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_recovery' },
{ oid => '6169', descr => 'statistics: information about replication slot',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_replication_slot', provolatile => 's',
proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => 'text',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
index f4ee2bd7459..7f3499291b5 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -2127,6 +2127,16 @@ pg_stat_progress_vacuum| SELECT s.pid,
END AS started_by
FROM (pg_stat_get_progress_info('VACUUM'::text) s(pid, datid, relid, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, param8, param9, param10, param11, param12, param13, param14, param15, param16, param17, param18, param19, param20)
LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((s.datid = d.oid)));
+pg_stat_recovery| SELECT promote_triggered,
+ last_replayed_read_lsn,
+ last_replayed_end_lsn,
+ last_replayed_tli,
+ replay_end_lsn,
+ replay_end_tli,
+ recovery_last_xact_time,
+ current_chunk_start_time,
+ pause_state
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, recovery_last_xact_time, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state);
pg_stat_recovery_prefetch| SELECT stats_reset,
prefetch,
hit,
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out b/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
index 3dd63fd88ed..132b56a5864 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
@@ -143,6 +143,13 @@ select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_wal_receiver;
t
(1 row)
+-- We expect no recovery state in this test (running on primary)
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_recovery;
+ ok
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
-- This is to record the prevailing planner enable_foo settings during
-- a regression test run.
select name, setting from pg_settings where name like 'enable%';
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
index 004f9a70e00..507e400ad4a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ select count(*) = 1 as ok from pg_stat_wal;
-- We expect no walreceiver running in this test
select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_wal_receiver;
+-- We expect no recovery state in this test (running on primary)
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_recovery;
+
-- This is to record the prevailing planner enable_foo settings during
-- a regression test run.
select name, setting from pg_settings where name like 'enable%';
--
2.51.0
[application/octet-stream] v1-0003-Refactor-move-XLogSource-enum-to-xlogrecovery.h.patch (2.4K, ../../CABPTF7W+Nody-+P9y4PNk37-QWuLpfUrEonHuEhrX+Vx9Kq+Kw@mail.gmail.com/3-v1-0003-Refactor-move-XLogSource-enum-to-xlogrecovery.h.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 729845ba79158a026adc2da88dbef34e69f582c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 13:59:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v1 3/4] Refactor: move XLogSource enum to xlogrecovery.h
Move the XLogSource enum definition from xlogrecovery.c to the public
header xlogrecovery.h to make it available for external use.
This is preparation for exposing WAL source information via the
pg_stat_recovery view. The xlogSourceNames array remains in the
implementation file as it's only used for debugging output.
No functional change.
---
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 12 ------------
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 12 ++++++++++++
2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index b9393e551b7..9fdf143d18f 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -204,18 +204,6 @@ typedef struct XLogPageReadPrivate
/* flag to tell XLogPageRead that we have started replaying */
static bool InRedo = false;
-/*
- * Codes indicating where we got a WAL file from during recovery, or where
- * to attempt to get one.
- */
-typedef enum
-{
- XLOG_FROM_ANY = 0, /* request to read WAL from any source */
- XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE, /* restored using restore_command */
- XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL, /* existing file in pg_wal */
- XLOG_FROM_STREAM, /* streamed from primary */
-} XLogSource;
-
/* human-readable names for XLogSources, for debugging output */
static const char *const xlogSourceNames[] = {"any", "archive", "pg_wal", "stream"};
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index 3d1ee491f39..514595f0ee6 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ typedef enum RecoveryPauseState
RECOVERY_PAUSED, /* recovery is paused */
} RecoveryPauseState;
+/*
+ * Codes indicating where we got a WAL file from during recovery, or where
+ * to attempt to get one.
+ */
+typedef enum XLogSource
+{
+ XLOG_FROM_ANY = 0, /* request to read WAL from any source */
+ XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE, /* restored using restore_command */
+ XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL, /* existing file in pg_wal */
+ XLOG_FROM_STREAM, /* streamed from primary */
+} XLogSource;
+
/*
* Shared-memory state for WAL recovery.
*/
--
2.51.0
[application/octet-stream] v1-0004-Add-wal_source-column-to-pg_stat_recovery.patch (8.7K, ../../CABPTF7W+Nody-+P9y4PNk37-QWuLpfUrEonHuEhrX+Vx9Kq+Kw@mail.gmail.com/4-v1-0004-Add-wal_source-column-to-pg_stat_recovery.patch)
download | inline diff:
From bc93177ca524c1a2e0e67b2697143fc1ffe326d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 14:02:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v1 4/4] Add wal_source column to pg_stat_recovery
Extend pg_stat_recovery with a wal_source column that shows where the
startup process most recently read WAL data from: 'archive', 'pg_wal',
or 'stream'.
This helps diagnose recovery behavior:
- Detecting streaming vs archive fallback transitions
- Monitoring initial standby catch-up progress
- Troubleshooting replication lag sources
The column reflects the current read source, not the original delivery
mechanism. Streamed WAL that is subsequently read from local files
shows 'pg_wal'. NULL if no WAL has been read yet.
---
doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c | 21 ++++++++++++-
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 6 ++++
src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql | 3 +-
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 8 +++++
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 6 ++--
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out | 5 ++--
7 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index ac2cb309976..09e341639e9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -2062,6 +2062,42 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
</entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>wal_source</structfield> <type>text</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Source from which the startup process most recently read WAL data.
+ Possible values are:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>archive</literal>: WAL restored using
+ <varname>restore_command</varname>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>pg_wal</literal>: WAL read from local
+ <filename>pg_wal</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>stream</literal>: WAL actively being streamed from the
+ upstream server.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>
+ NULL if no WAL has been read yet. Note that this reflects the
+ current read source, not the original delivery mechanism; streamed
+ WAL that is subsequently read from local files will show
+ <literal>pg_wal</literal>.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 330bf00f6d9..1117a46a48e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ pg_promote(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Datum
pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
-#define PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS 9
+#define PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS 10
ReturnSetInfo *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
Datum values[PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS];
bool nulls[PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS];
@@ -781,6 +781,7 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
TimestampTz recovery_last_xact_time;
TimestampTz current_chunk_start_time;
RecoveryPauseState pause_state;
+ XLogSource wal_source;
InitMaterializedSRF(fcinfo, 0);
@@ -805,6 +806,7 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
recovery_last_xact_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryLastXTime;
current_chunk_start_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->currentChunkStartTime;
pause_state = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryPauseState;
+ wal_source = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource;
SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
/* Initialize nulls array */
@@ -887,6 +889,23 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
break;
}
+ /* wal_source - always visible */
+ switch (wal_source)
+ {
+ case XLOG_FROM_ANY:
+ nulls[9] = true; /* not yet determined */
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE:
+ values[9] = CStringGetTextDatum("archive");
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL:
+ values[9] = CStringGetTextDatum("pg_wal");
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_STREAM:
+ values[9] = CStringGetTextDatum("stream");
+ break;
+ }
+
tuplestore_putvalues(rsinfo->setResult, rsinfo->setDesc, values, nulls);
return (Datum) 0;
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index 9fdf143d18f..af86eece08c 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ XLogRecoveryShmemInit(void)
memset(XLogRecoveryCtl, 0, sizeof(XLogRecoveryCtlData));
SpinLockInit(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource = XLOG_FROM_ANY;
InitSharedLatch(&XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryWakeupLatch);
ConditionVariableInit(&XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryNotPausedCV);
}
@@ -4246,6 +4247,11 @@ XLogFileRead(XLogSegNo segno, TimeLineID tli,
if (source != XLOG_FROM_STREAM)
XLogReceiptTime = GetCurrentTimestamp();
+ /* Update shared memory for external visibility */
+ SpinLockAcquire(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource = source;
+ SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+
return fd;
}
if (errno != ENOENT || !notfoundOk) /* unexpected failure? */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index a88cac599c4..36182cb5057 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -994,7 +994,8 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery AS
s.replay_end_tli,
s.recovery_last_xact_time,
s.current_chunk_start_time,
- s.pause_state
+ s.pause_state,
+ s.wal_source
FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s;
CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery_prefetch AS
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index 514595f0ee6..f18922271a1 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -133,6 +133,14 @@ typedef struct XLogRecoveryCtlData
RecoveryPauseState recoveryPauseState;
ConditionVariable recoveryNotPausedCV;
+ /*
+ * Source from which the startup process most recently read WAL data.
+ * Updated when the startup process successfully reads WAL from a source.
+ * Note: this reflects the read source, not the original receipt source;
+ * streamed WAL read from local files will show XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL.
+ */
+ XLogSource lastReadSource;
+
slock_t info_lck; /* locks shared variables shown above */
} XLogRecoveryCtlData;
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 3b1569d8a3f..d86de7901da 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5701,9 +5701,9 @@
proname => 'pg_stat_get_recovery', prorows => '1', proretset => 't',
provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record',
proargtypes => '',
- proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,timestamptz,text}',
- proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
- proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,recovery_last_xact_time,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state}',
+ proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,timestamptz,text,text}',
+ proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
+ proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,recovery_last_xact_time,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state,wal_source}',
prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_recovery' },
{ oid => '6169', descr => 'statistics: information about replication slot',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_replication_slot', provolatile => 's',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
index 7f3499291b5..81f11329b6f 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -2135,8 +2135,9 @@ pg_stat_recovery| SELECT promote_triggered,
replay_end_tli,
recovery_last_xact_time,
current_chunk_start_time,
- pause_state
- FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, recovery_last_xact_time, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state);
+ pause_state,
+ wal_source
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, recovery_last_xact_time, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state, wal_source);
pg_stat_recovery_prefetch| SELECT stats_reset,
prefetch,
hit,
--
2.51.0
[application/octet-stream] v1-0001-Refactor-move-XLogRecoveryCtlData-struct-to-xlogr.patch (6.4K, ../../CABPTF7W+Nody-+P9y4PNk37-QWuLpfUrEonHuEhrX+Vx9Kq+Kw@mail.gmail.com/5-v1-0001-Refactor-move-XLogRecoveryCtlData-struct-to-xlogr.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 5e41e2eebba9314346fb25d871a891f1521f17f7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 2026 16:44:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v1 1/4] Refactor: move XLogRecoveryCtlData struct to
xlogrecovery.h
Move the XLogRecoveryCtlData struct definition from xlogrecovery.c to
xlogrecovery.h, and export the XLogRecoveryCtl pointer. This allows
other modules to access recovery state directly, which will be used
by a subsequent commit to add a pg_stat_recovery view.
No functional change.
---
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 66 +---------------------
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index 117d8d8bb6b..b9393e551b7 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -304,71 +304,7 @@ bool reachedConsistency = false;
static char *replay_image_masked = NULL;
static char *primary_image_masked = NULL;
-
-/*
- * Shared-memory state for WAL recovery.
- */
-typedef struct XLogRecoveryCtlData
-{
- /*
- * SharedHotStandbyActive indicates if we allow hot standby queries to be
- * run. Protected by info_lck.
- */
- bool SharedHotStandbyActive;
-
- /*
- * SharedPromoteIsTriggered indicates if a standby promotion has been
- * triggered. Protected by info_lck.
- */
- bool SharedPromoteIsTriggered;
-
- /*
- * recoveryWakeupLatch is used to wake up the startup process to continue
- * WAL replay, if it is waiting for WAL to arrive or promotion to be
- * requested.
- *
- * Note that the startup process also uses another latch, its procLatch,
- * to wait for recovery conflict. If we get rid of recoveryWakeupLatch for
- * signaling the startup process in favor of using its procLatch, which
- * comports better with possible generic signal handlers using that latch.
- * But we should not do that because the startup process doesn't assume
- * that it's waken up by walreceiver process or SIGHUP signal handler
- * while it's waiting for recovery conflict. The separate latches,
- * recoveryWakeupLatch and procLatch, should be used for inter-process
- * communication for WAL replay and recovery conflict, respectively.
- */
- Latch recoveryWakeupLatch;
-
- /*
- * Last record successfully replayed.
- */
- XLogRecPtr lastReplayedReadRecPtr; /* start position */
- XLogRecPtr lastReplayedEndRecPtr; /* end+1 position */
- TimeLineID lastReplayedTLI; /* timeline */
-
- /*
- * When we're currently replaying a record, ie. in a redo function,
- * replayEndRecPtr points to the end+1 of the record being replayed,
- * otherwise it's equal to lastReplayedEndRecPtr.
- */
- XLogRecPtr replayEndRecPtr;
- TimeLineID replayEndTLI;
- /* timestamp of last COMMIT/ABORT record replayed (or being replayed) */
- TimestampTz recoveryLastXTime;
-
- /*
- * timestamp of when we started replaying the current chunk of WAL data,
- * only relevant for replication or archive recovery
- */
- TimestampTz currentChunkStartTime;
- /* Recovery pause state */
- RecoveryPauseState recoveryPauseState;
- ConditionVariable recoveryNotPausedCV;
-
- slock_t info_lck; /* locks shared variables shown above */
-} XLogRecoveryCtlData;
-
-static XLogRecoveryCtlData *XLogRecoveryCtl = NULL;
+XLogRecoveryCtlData *XLogRecoveryCtl = NULL;
/*
* abortedRecPtr is the start pointer of a broken record at end of WAL when
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index f926d89cb2f..3d1ee491f39 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
#include "access/xlogreader.h"
#include "catalog/pg_control.h"
#include "lib/stringinfo.h"
+#include "storage/condition_variable.h"
+#include "storage/latch.h"
+#include "storage/spin.h"
#include "utils/timestamp.h"
/*
@@ -58,6 +61,71 @@ typedef enum RecoveryPauseState
RECOVERY_PAUSED, /* recovery is paused */
} RecoveryPauseState;
+/*
+ * Shared-memory state for WAL recovery.
+ */
+typedef struct XLogRecoveryCtlData
+{
+ /*
+ * SharedHotStandbyActive indicates if we allow hot standby queries to be
+ * run. Protected by info_lck.
+ */
+ bool SharedHotStandbyActive;
+
+ /*
+ * SharedPromoteIsTriggered indicates if a standby promotion has been
+ * triggered. Protected by info_lck.
+ */
+ bool SharedPromoteIsTriggered;
+
+ /*
+ * recoveryWakeupLatch is used to wake up the startup process to continue
+ * WAL replay, if it is waiting for WAL to arrive or promotion to be
+ * requested.
+ *
+ * Note that the startup process also uses another latch, its procLatch,
+ * to wait for recovery conflict. If we get rid of recoveryWakeupLatch for
+ * signaling the startup process in favor of using its procLatch, which
+ * comports better with possible generic signal handlers using that latch.
+ * But we should not do that because the startup process doesn't assume
+ * that it's waken up by walreceiver process or SIGHUP signal handler
+ * while it's waiting for recovery conflict. The separate latches,
+ * recoveryWakeupLatch and procLatch, should be used for inter-process
+ * communication for WAL replay and recovery conflict, respectively.
+ */
+ Latch recoveryWakeupLatch;
+
+ /*
+ * Last record successfully replayed.
+ */
+ XLogRecPtr lastReplayedReadRecPtr; /* start position */
+ XLogRecPtr lastReplayedEndRecPtr; /* end+1 position */
+ TimeLineID lastReplayedTLI; /* timeline */
+
+ /*
+ * When we're currently replaying a record, ie. in a redo function,
+ * replayEndRecPtr points to the end+1 of the record being replayed,
+ * otherwise it's equal to lastReplayedEndRecPtr.
+ */
+ XLogRecPtr replayEndRecPtr;
+ TimeLineID replayEndTLI;
+ /* timestamp of last COMMIT/ABORT record replayed (or being replayed) */
+ TimestampTz recoveryLastXTime;
+
+ /*
+ * timestamp of when we started replaying the current chunk of WAL data,
+ * only relevant for replication or archive recovery
+ */
+ TimestampTz currentChunkStartTime;
+ /* Recovery pause state */
+ RecoveryPauseState recoveryPauseState;
+ ConditionVariable recoveryNotPausedCV;
+
+ slock_t info_lck; /* locks shared variables shown above */
+} XLogRecoveryCtlData;
+
+extern PGDLLIMPORT XLogRecoveryCtlData *XLogRecoveryCtl;
+
/* User-settable GUC parameters */
extern PGDLLIMPORT bool recoveryTargetInclusive;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int recoveryTargetAction;
--
2.51.0
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-04 01:02 Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
parent: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 1 reply; 65+ messages in thread
From: Xuneng Zhou @ 2026-03-04 01:02 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>; +Cc: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
Hi,
On Tue, Jan 27, 2026 at 3:23 PM Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Hi Hackers,
>
> This patch series introduces pg_stat_recovery, a new view that exposes
> the startup process’s internal recovery state at the SQL level. It
> follows the pattern of pg_stat_wal_receiver, but focuses on WAL replay
> and recovery rather than WAL reception.
>
> The view provides visibility into replay progress, recovery timing,
> and operational status—information that was previously scattered
> across separate function calls or not exposed at all.
>
> As Michael suggested [1][2], this view is intentionally independent of
> walreceiver state, since the startup process can consume WAL from
> multiple sources (archive, pg_wal, or streaming), not just streaming
> replication.
>
> The patch series:
> 0001: Refactor: move XLogRecoveryCtlData struct to xlogrecovery.h
> Move the XLogRecoveryCtlData struct definition from xlogrecovery.c to
> xlogrecovery.h,
>
> 0002: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
> Introduces the core view with columns
>
> 0003: Refactor: move XLogSource enum to xlogrecovery.h
> Preparatory refactoring to make XLogSource visible externally.
>
> 0004: Add wal_source column to pg_stat_recovery
> Adds wal_source column showing where WAL was last read from:
> 'archive', 'pg_wal', or 'stream'.
>
> Example usage on a standby:
>
> SELECT promote_triggered, pause_state, wal_source,
> pg_size_pretty(pg_wal_lsn_diff(replay_end_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn))
> FROM pg_stat_recovery;
>
> promote_triggered | pause_state | wal_source | pg_size_pretty
> -------------------+-------------+------------+----------------
> f | not paused | stream | 0 bytes
>
> Feedbacks welcome.
>
> [1] https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
> [2] https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]
>
> --
> Best,
> Xuneng
Just rebase.
--
Best,
Xuneng
Attachments:
[application/octet-stream] v2-0003-Refactor-move-XLogSource-enum-to-xlogrecovery.h.patch (2.4K, ../../CABPTF7UuuP-ewGr2F2kL1eRQur-7d7oe3ad-YQCHJpwbckb0eQ@mail.gmail.com/2-v2-0003-Refactor-move-XLogSource-enum-to-xlogrecovery.h.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 0647c518f711557c12083773d15b5b2d38717350 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 13:59:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v2 3/4] Refactor: move XLogSource enum to xlogrecovery.h
Move the XLogSource enum definition from xlogrecovery.c to the public
header xlogrecovery.h to make it available for external use.
This is preparation for exposing WAL source information via the
pg_stat_recovery view. The xlogSourceNames array remains in the
implementation file as it's only used for debugging output.
No functional change.
---
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 12 ------------
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 12 ++++++++++++
2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index 31806dcf008..680caee7a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -204,18 +204,6 @@ typedef struct XLogPageReadPrivate
/* flag to tell XLogPageRead that we have started replaying */
static bool InRedo = false;
-/*
- * Codes indicating where we got a WAL file from during recovery, or where
- * to attempt to get one.
- */
-typedef enum
-{
- XLOG_FROM_ANY = 0, /* request to read WAL from any source */
- XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE, /* restored using restore_command */
- XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL, /* existing file in pg_wal */
- XLOG_FROM_STREAM, /* streamed from primary */
-} XLogSource;
-
/* human-readable names for XLogSources, for debugging output */
static const char *const xlogSourceNames[] = {"any", "archive", "pg_wal", "stream"};
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index 3d1ee491f39..514595f0ee6 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ typedef enum RecoveryPauseState
RECOVERY_PAUSED, /* recovery is paused */
} RecoveryPauseState;
+/*
+ * Codes indicating where we got a WAL file from during recovery, or where
+ * to attempt to get one.
+ */
+typedef enum XLogSource
+{
+ XLOG_FROM_ANY = 0, /* request to read WAL from any source */
+ XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE, /* restored using restore_command */
+ XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL, /* existing file in pg_wal */
+ XLOG_FROM_STREAM, /* streamed from primary */
+} XLogSource;
+
/*
* Shared-memory state for WAL recovery.
*/
--
2.51.0
[application/octet-stream] v2-0002-Add-pg_stat_recovery-system-view.patch (17.0K, ../../CABPTF7UuuP-ewGr2F2kL1eRQur-7d7oe3ad-YQCHJpwbckb0eQ@mail.gmail.com/3-v2-0002-Add-pg_stat_recovery-system-view.patch)
download | inline diff:
From e727d919f64a544df2a23f2623b0edc8a36d1b7d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 12:11:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v2 2/4] Add pg_stat_recovery system view
Introduce pg_stat_recovery to expose WAL recovery state of the startup
process. The view provides:
- promote_triggered: whether promotion has been requested
- last_replayed_read_lsn/last_replayed_end_lsn: boundaries of last replayed record
- last_replayed_tli: timeline of last replayed record
- replay_end_lsn/replay_end_tli: current replay position
- recovery_last_xact_time: timestamp of last replayed commit/abort
- current_chunk_start_time: start time of current WAL chunk
- pause_state: recovery pause status (not paused/pause requested/paused)
Sensitive columns (LSNs, timelines, timestamps) require pg_read_all_stats
membership; basic status columns are visible to all users.
Returns zero rows when not in recovery.
---
doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml | 156 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c | 143 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql | 13 +++
src/include/catalog/catversion.h | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 8 ++
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out | 10 ++
src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out | 7 ++
src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql | 3 +
8 files changed, 341 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index dcf6e6a2f48..8814bab0fa2 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -338,6 +338,15 @@ postgres 27093 0.0 0.0 30096 2752 ? Ss 11:34 0:00 postgres: ser
</entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname><indexterm><primary>pg_stat_recovery</primary></indexterm></entry>
+ <entry>Only one row, showing statistics about the recovery state of the
+ startup process. This view returns no row when not in recovery.
+ See <link linkend="monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-view">
+ <structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname></link> for details.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry><structname>pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</structname><indexterm><primary>pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</primary></indexterm></entry>
<entry>Only one row, showing statistics about blocks prefetched during recovery.
@@ -1912,6 +1921,153 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-view">
+ <title><structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname></title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>pg_stat_recovery</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ The <structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname> view will contain only
+ one row, showing statistics about the recovery state of the startup
+ process. This view returns no row when the server is not in recovery.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some columns are restricted to members of the
+ <literal>pg_read_all_stats</literal> role; other users will see
+ <literal>NULL</literal> values for these columns. The restricted columns
+ include LSN values, timeline IDs, and timestamps. Basic operational status
+ columns (<structfield>promote_triggered</structfield>,
+ <structfield>pause_state</structfield>) are visible to all users.
+ </para>
+
+ <table id="pg-stat-recovery-view" xreflabel="pg_stat_recovery">
+ <title><structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname> View</title>
+ <tgroup cols="1">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ Column Type
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Description
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>promote_triggered</structfield> <type>boolean</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ True if a promotion has been triggered for this standby server.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>last_replayed_read_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Start LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ End LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>last_replayed_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Timeline of the last replayed WAL record.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Current replay position. When replaying a record, this is the end
+ position of the record being replayed; otherwise it equals
+ <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield>.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>replay_end_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Timeline of the current replay position.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>recovery_last_xact_time</structfield> <type>timestamp with time zone</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Timestamp of the last transaction commit or abort replayed during
+ recovery. This is the commit/abort time recorded in the WAL record.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>current_chunk_start_time</structfield> <type>timestamp with time zone</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Time when the server started replaying the current chunk of WAL data.
+ This is used to calculate recovery conflict timeouts.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>pause_state</structfield> <type>text</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Recovery pause state. Possible values are:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>not paused</literal>: Recovery is proceeding normally.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>pause requested</literal>: A pause has been requested
+ but recovery has not yet paused.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>paused</literal>: Recovery is paused.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-prefetch">
<title><structname>pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</structname></title>
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 2efe4105efb..330bf00f6d9 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@
#include "access/xlog_internal.h"
#include "access/xlogbackup.h"
#include "access/xlogrecovery.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pgstat.h"
+#include "storage/spin.h"
+#include "utils/acl.h"
#include "replication/walreceiver.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/latch.h"
@@ -748,3 +751,143 @@ pg_promote(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
wait_seconds)));
PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
}
+
+/*
+ * pg_stat_get_recovery - returns information about WAL recovery state
+ *
+ * Returns zero rows when not in recovery, one row when in recovery.
+ *
+ * Privilege model: View is public, sensitive fields (LSNs, timelines,
+ * timestamps) are redacted (set to NULL) for users without pg_read_all_stats
+ * membership. Basic operational state (promote_triggered, pause_state) is
+ * always visible.
+ */
+Datum
+pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+#define PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS 9
+ ReturnSetInfo *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
+ Datum values[PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS];
+ bool nulls[PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS];
+ bool has_privs;
+
+ /* Local copies of shared state */
+ bool promote_triggered;
+ XLogRecPtr last_replayed_read_lsn;
+ XLogRecPtr last_replayed_end_lsn;
+ TimeLineID last_replayed_tli;
+ XLogRecPtr replay_end_lsn;
+ TimeLineID replay_end_tli;
+ TimestampTz recovery_last_xact_time;
+ TimestampTz current_chunk_start_time;
+ RecoveryPauseState pause_state;
+
+ InitMaterializedSRF(fcinfo, 0);
+
+ /* Return zero rows when not in recovery */
+ if (!RecoveryInProgress())
+ return (Datum) 0;
+
+ /*
+ * Check privilege level. We still return a row for unprivileged users,
+ * but redact sensitive fields (LSNs, timelines, timestamps).
+ */
+ has_privs = has_privs_of_role(GetUserId(), ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS);
+
+ /* Take a lock to ensure value consistency */
+ SpinLockAcquire(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ promote_triggered = XLogRecoveryCtl->SharedPromoteIsTriggered;
+ last_replayed_read_lsn = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReplayedReadRecPtr;
+ last_replayed_end_lsn = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReplayedEndRecPtr;
+ last_replayed_tli = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReplayedTLI;
+ replay_end_lsn = XLogRecoveryCtl->replayEndRecPtr;
+ replay_end_tli = XLogRecoveryCtl->replayEndTLI;
+ recovery_last_xact_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryLastXTime;
+ current_chunk_start_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->currentChunkStartTime;
+ pause_state = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryPauseState;
+ SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+
+ /* Initialize nulls array */
+ memset(nulls, 0, sizeof(nulls));
+
+ /* promote_triggered - always visible */
+ values[0] = BoolGetDatum(promote_triggered);
+
+ /*
+ * Sensitive fields: LSNs, timelines, timestamps. Redact for users
+ * without pg_read_all_stats privilege.
+ */
+ if (has_privs)
+ {
+ /* last_replayed_read_lsn */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(last_replayed_read_lsn))
+ values[1] = LSNGetDatum(last_replayed_read_lsn);
+ else
+ nulls[1] = true;
+
+ /* last_replayed_end_lsn */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(last_replayed_end_lsn))
+ values[2] = LSNGetDatum(last_replayed_end_lsn);
+ else
+ nulls[2] = true;
+
+ /* last_replayed_tli - NULL if corresponding LSN is invalid */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(last_replayed_end_lsn))
+ values[3] = Int32GetDatum(last_replayed_tli);
+ else
+ nulls[3] = true;
+
+ /* replay_end_lsn */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(replay_end_lsn))
+ values[4] = LSNGetDatum(replay_end_lsn);
+ else
+ nulls[4] = true;
+
+ /* replay_end_tli - NULL if corresponding LSN is invalid */
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(replay_end_lsn))
+ values[5] = Int32GetDatum(replay_end_tli);
+ else
+ nulls[5] = true;
+
+ /* recovery_last_xact_time */
+ if (recovery_last_xact_time != 0)
+ values[6] = TimestampTzGetDatum(recovery_last_xact_time);
+ else
+ nulls[6] = true;
+
+ /* current_chunk_start_time */
+ if (current_chunk_start_time != 0)
+ values[7] = TimestampTzGetDatum(current_chunk_start_time);
+ else
+ nulls[7] = true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Redact sensitive fields for unprivileged users */
+ nulls[1] = true; /* last_replayed_read_lsn */
+ nulls[2] = true; /* last_replayed_end_lsn */
+ nulls[3] = true; /* last_replayed_tli */
+ nulls[4] = true; /* replay_end_lsn */
+ nulls[5] = true; /* replay_end_tli */
+ nulls[6] = true; /* recovery_last_xact_time */
+ nulls[7] = true; /* current_chunk_start_time */
+ }
+
+ /* pause_state - always visible */
+ switch (pause_state)
+ {
+ case RECOVERY_NOT_PAUSED:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("not paused");
+ break;
+ case RECOVERY_PAUSE_REQUESTED:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("pause requested");
+ break;
+ case RECOVERY_PAUSED:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("paused");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ tuplestore_putvalues(rsinfo->setResult, rsinfo->setDesc, values, nulls);
+
+ return (Datum) 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 1ea8f1faa9e..3c2d63a343e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -1005,6 +1005,19 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_wal_receiver AS
FROM pg_stat_get_wal_receiver() s
WHERE s.pid IS NOT NULL;
+CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery AS
+ SELECT
+ s.promote_triggered,
+ s.last_replayed_read_lsn,
+ s.last_replayed_end_lsn,
+ s.last_replayed_tli,
+ s.replay_end_lsn,
+ s.replay_end_tli,
+ s.recovery_last_xact_time,
+ s.current_chunk_start_time,
+ s.pause_state
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s;
+
CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery_prefetch AS
SELECT
s.stats_reset,
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/catversion.h b/src/include/catalog/catversion.h
index 7670eb226f0..591a011422a 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/catversion.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/catversion.h
@@ -57,6 +57,6 @@
*/
/* yyyymmddN */
-#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO 202602201
+#define CATALOG_VERSION_NO 202602202
#endif
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index dac40992cbc..36ed1633fa7 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5698,6 +5698,14 @@
proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
proargnames => '{pid,status,receive_start_lsn,receive_start_tli,written_lsn,flushed_lsn,received_tli,last_msg_send_time,last_msg_receipt_time,latest_end_lsn,latest_end_time,slot_name,sender_host,sender_port,conninfo}',
prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_wal_receiver' },
+{ oid => '9949', descr => 'statistics: information about WAL recovery',
+ proname => 'pg_stat_get_recovery', prorows => '1', proretset => 't',
+ provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record',
+ proargtypes => '',
+ proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,timestamptz,text}',
+ proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
+ proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,recovery_last_xact_time,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state}',
+ prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_recovery' },
{ oid => '6169', descr => 'statistics: information about replication slot',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_replication_slot', provolatile => 's',
proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => 'text',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
index 78a37d9fc8f..ed82852809a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -2127,6 +2127,16 @@ pg_stat_progress_vacuum| SELECT s.pid,
END AS started_by
FROM (pg_stat_get_progress_info('VACUUM'::text) s(pid, datid, relid, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, param8, param9, param10, param11, param12, param13, param14, param15, param16, param17, param18, param19, param20)
LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((s.datid = d.oid)));
+pg_stat_recovery| SELECT promote_triggered,
+ last_replayed_read_lsn,
+ last_replayed_end_lsn,
+ last_replayed_tli,
+ replay_end_lsn,
+ replay_end_tli,
+ recovery_last_xact_time,
+ current_chunk_start_time,
+ pause_state
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, recovery_last_xact_time, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state);
pg_stat_recovery_prefetch| SELECT stats_reset,
prefetch,
hit,
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out b/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
index 3dd63fd88ed..132b56a5864 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
@@ -143,6 +143,13 @@ select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_wal_receiver;
t
(1 row)
+-- We expect no recovery state in this test (running on primary)
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_recovery;
+ ok
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
-- This is to record the prevailing planner enable_foo settings during
-- a regression test run.
select name, setting from pg_settings where name like 'enable%';
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
index 004f9a70e00..507e400ad4a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ select count(*) = 1 as ok from pg_stat_wal;
-- We expect no walreceiver running in this test
select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_wal_receiver;
+-- We expect no recovery state in this test (running on primary)
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_recovery;
+
-- This is to record the prevailing planner enable_foo settings during
-- a regression test run.
select name, setting from pg_settings where name like 'enable%';
--
2.51.0
[application/octet-stream] v2-0001-Refactor-move-XLogRecoveryCtlData-struct-to-xlogr.patch (6.4K, ../../CABPTF7UuuP-ewGr2F2kL1eRQur-7d7oe3ad-YQCHJpwbckb0eQ@mail.gmail.com/4-v2-0001-Refactor-move-XLogRecoveryCtlData-struct-to-xlogr.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 90d54deed2efe69e6c358d1328c9c4baa20ec0ad Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 2026 16:44:57 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v2 1/4] Refactor: move XLogRecoveryCtlData struct to
xlogrecovery.h
Move the XLogRecoveryCtlData struct definition from xlogrecovery.c to
xlogrecovery.h, and export the XLogRecoveryCtl pointer. This allows
other modules to access recovery state directly, which will be used
by a subsequent commit to add a pg_stat_recovery view.
No functional change.
---
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 66 +---------------------
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 68 +++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 69 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index ecd66fd86a4..31806dcf008 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -304,71 +304,7 @@ bool reachedConsistency = false;
static char *replay_image_masked = NULL;
static char *primary_image_masked = NULL;
-
-/*
- * Shared-memory state for WAL recovery.
- */
-typedef struct XLogRecoveryCtlData
-{
- /*
- * SharedHotStandbyActive indicates if we allow hot standby queries to be
- * run. Protected by info_lck.
- */
- bool SharedHotStandbyActive;
-
- /*
- * SharedPromoteIsTriggered indicates if a standby promotion has been
- * triggered. Protected by info_lck.
- */
- bool SharedPromoteIsTriggered;
-
- /*
- * recoveryWakeupLatch is used to wake up the startup process to continue
- * WAL replay, if it is waiting for WAL to arrive or promotion to be
- * requested.
- *
- * Note that the startup process also uses another latch, its procLatch,
- * to wait for recovery conflict. If we get rid of recoveryWakeupLatch for
- * signaling the startup process in favor of using its procLatch, which
- * comports better with possible generic signal handlers using that latch.
- * But we should not do that because the startup process doesn't assume
- * that it's waken up by walreceiver process or SIGHUP signal handler
- * while it's waiting for recovery conflict. The separate latches,
- * recoveryWakeupLatch and procLatch, should be used for inter-process
- * communication for WAL replay and recovery conflict, respectively.
- */
- Latch recoveryWakeupLatch;
-
- /*
- * Last record successfully replayed.
- */
- XLogRecPtr lastReplayedReadRecPtr; /* start position */
- XLogRecPtr lastReplayedEndRecPtr; /* end+1 position */
- TimeLineID lastReplayedTLI; /* timeline */
-
- /*
- * When we're currently replaying a record, ie. in a redo function,
- * replayEndRecPtr points to the end+1 of the record being replayed,
- * otherwise it's equal to lastReplayedEndRecPtr.
- */
- XLogRecPtr replayEndRecPtr;
- TimeLineID replayEndTLI;
- /* timestamp of last COMMIT/ABORT record replayed (or being replayed) */
- TimestampTz recoveryLastXTime;
-
- /*
- * timestamp of when we started replaying the current chunk of WAL data,
- * only relevant for replication or archive recovery
- */
- TimestampTz currentChunkStartTime;
- /* Recovery pause state */
- RecoveryPauseState recoveryPauseState;
- ConditionVariable recoveryNotPausedCV;
-
- slock_t info_lck; /* locks shared variables shown above */
-} XLogRecoveryCtlData;
-
-static XLogRecoveryCtlData *XLogRecoveryCtl = NULL;
+XLogRecoveryCtlData *XLogRecoveryCtl = NULL;
/*
* abortedRecPtr is the start pointer of a broken record at end of WAL when
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index f926d89cb2f..3d1ee491f39 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
#include "access/xlogreader.h"
#include "catalog/pg_control.h"
#include "lib/stringinfo.h"
+#include "storage/condition_variable.h"
+#include "storage/latch.h"
+#include "storage/spin.h"
#include "utils/timestamp.h"
/*
@@ -58,6 +61,71 @@ typedef enum RecoveryPauseState
RECOVERY_PAUSED, /* recovery is paused */
} RecoveryPauseState;
+/*
+ * Shared-memory state for WAL recovery.
+ */
+typedef struct XLogRecoveryCtlData
+{
+ /*
+ * SharedHotStandbyActive indicates if we allow hot standby queries to be
+ * run. Protected by info_lck.
+ */
+ bool SharedHotStandbyActive;
+
+ /*
+ * SharedPromoteIsTriggered indicates if a standby promotion has been
+ * triggered. Protected by info_lck.
+ */
+ bool SharedPromoteIsTriggered;
+
+ /*
+ * recoveryWakeupLatch is used to wake up the startup process to continue
+ * WAL replay, if it is waiting for WAL to arrive or promotion to be
+ * requested.
+ *
+ * Note that the startup process also uses another latch, its procLatch,
+ * to wait for recovery conflict. If we get rid of recoveryWakeupLatch for
+ * signaling the startup process in favor of using its procLatch, which
+ * comports better with possible generic signal handlers using that latch.
+ * But we should not do that because the startup process doesn't assume
+ * that it's waken up by walreceiver process or SIGHUP signal handler
+ * while it's waiting for recovery conflict. The separate latches,
+ * recoveryWakeupLatch and procLatch, should be used for inter-process
+ * communication for WAL replay and recovery conflict, respectively.
+ */
+ Latch recoveryWakeupLatch;
+
+ /*
+ * Last record successfully replayed.
+ */
+ XLogRecPtr lastReplayedReadRecPtr; /* start position */
+ XLogRecPtr lastReplayedEndRecPtr; /* end+1 position */
+ TimeLineID lastReplayedTLI; /* timeline */
+
+ /*
+ * When we're currently replaying a record, ie. in a redo function,
+ * replayEndRecPtr points to the end+1 of the record being replayed,
+ * otherwise it's equal to lastReplayedEndRecPtr.
+ */
+ XLogRecPtr replayEndRecPtr;
+ TimeLineID replayEndTLI;
+ /* timestamp of last COMMIT/ABORT record replayed (or being replayed) */
+ TimestampTz recoveryLastXTime;
+
+ /*
+ * timestamp of when we started replaying the current chunk of WAL data,
+ * only relevant for replication or archive recovery
+ */
+ TimestampTz currentChunkStartTime;
+ /* Recovery pause state */
+ RecoveryPauseState recoveryPauseState;
+ ConditionVariable recoveryNotPausedCV;
+
+ slock_t info_lck; /* locks shared variables shown above */
+} XLogRecoveryCtlData;
+
+extern PGDLLIMPORT XLogRecoveryCtlData *XLogRecoveryCtl;
+
/* User-settable GUC parameters */
extern PGDLLIMPORT bool recoveryTargetInclusive;
extern PGDLLIMPORT int recoveryTargetAction;
--
2.51.0
[application/octet-stream] v2-0004-Add-wal_source-column-to-pg_stat_recovery.patch (8.7K, ../../CABPTF7UuuP-ewGr2F2kL1eRQur-7d7oe3ad-YQCHJpwbckb0eQ@mail.gmail.com/5-v2-0004-Add-wal_source-column-to-pg_stat_recovery.patch)
download | inline diff:
From c2ef0e19b7a218232addc14fd9209979b5ac4a7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 14:02:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v2 4/4] Add wal_source column to pg_stat_recovery
Extend pg_stat_recovery with a wal_source column that shows where the
startup process most recently read WAL data from: 'archive', 'pg_wal',
or 'stream'.
This helps diagnose recovery behavior:
- Detecting streaming vs archive fallback transitions
- Monitoring initial standby catch-up progress
- Troubleshooting replication lag sources
The column reflects the current read source, not the original delivery
mechanism. Streamed WAL that is subsequently read from local files
shows 'pg_wal'. NULL if no WAL has been read yet.
---
doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c | 21 ++++++++++++-
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 6 ++++
src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql | 3 +-
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 8 +++++
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 6 ++--
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out | 5 ++--
7 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index 8814bab0fa2..04acf332200 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -2062,6 +2062,42 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
</entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>wal_source</structfield> <type>text</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Source from which the startup process most recently read WAL data.
+ Possible values are:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>archive</literal>: WAL restored using
+ <varname>restore_command</varname>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>pg_wal</literal>: WAL read from local
+ <filename>pg_wal</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>stream</literal>: WAL actively being streamed from the
+ upstream server.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>
+ NULL if no WAL has been read yet. Note that this reflects the
+ current read source, not the original delivery mechanism; streamed
+ WAL that is subsequently read from local files will show
+ <literal>pg_wal</literal>.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 330bf00f6d9..1117a46a48e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ pg_promote(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Datum
pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
-#define PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS 9
+#define PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS 10
ReturnSetInfo *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
Datum values[PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS];
bool nulls[PG_STAT_GET_RECOVERY_COLS];
@@ -781,6 +781,7 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
TimestampTz recovery_last_xact_time;
TimestampTz current_chunk_start_time;
RecoveryPauseState pause_state;
+ XLogSource wal_source;
InitMaterializedSRF(fcinfo, 0);
@@ -805,6 +806,7 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
recovery_last_xact_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryLastXTime;
current_chunk_start_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->currentChunkStartTime;
pause_state = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryPauseState;
+ wal_source = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource;
SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
/* Initialize nulls array */
@@ -887,6 +889,23 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
break;
}
+ /* wal_source - always visible */
+ switch (wal_source)
+ {
+ case XLOG_FROM_ANY:
+ nulls[9] = true; /* not yet determined */
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE:
+ values[9] = CStringGetTextDatum("archive");
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL:
+ values[9] = CStringGetTextDatum("pg_wal");
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_STREAM:
+ values[9] = CStringGetTextDatum("stream");
+ break;
+ }
+
tuplestore_putvalues(rsinfo->setResult, rsinfo->setDesc, values, nulls);
return (Datum) 0;
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index 680caee7a43..c5ebdca8379 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ XLogRecoveryShmemInit(void)
memset(XLogRecoveryCtl, 0, sizeof(XLogRecoveryCtlData));
SpinLockInit(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource = XLOG_FROM_ANY;
InitSharedLatch(&XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryWakeupLatch);
ConditionVariableInit(&XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryNotPausedCV);
}
@@ -4249,6 +4250,11 @@ XLogFileRead(XLogSegNo segno, TimeLineID tli,
if (source != XLOG_FROM_STREAM)
XLogReceiptTime = GetCurrentTimestamp();
+ /* Update shared memory for external visibility */
+ SpinLockAcquire(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource = source;
+ SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+
return fd;
}
if (errno != ENOENT || !notfoundOk) /* unexpected failure? */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 3c2d63a343e..919a141a05d 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -1015,7 +1015,8 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery AS
s.replay_end_tli,
s.recovery_last_xact_time,
s.current_chunk_start_time,
- s.pause_state
+ s.pause_state,
+ s.wal_source
FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s;
CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery_prefetch AS
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index 514595f0ee6..f18922271a1 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -133,6 +133,14 @@ typedef struct XLogRecoveryCtlData
RecoveryPauseState recoveryPauseState;
ConditionVariable recoveryNotPausedCV;
+ /*
+ * Source from which the startup process most recently read WAL data.
+ * Updated when the startup process successfully reads WAL from a source.
+ * Note: this reflects the read source, not the original receipt source;
+ * streamed WAL read from local files will show XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL.
+ */
+ XLogSource lastReadSource;
+
slock_t info_lck; /* locks shared variables shown above */
} XLogRecoveryCtlData;
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 36ed1633fa7..974894d634c 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5702,9 +5702,9 @@
proname => 'pg_stat_get_recovery', prorows => '1', proretset => 't',
provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record',
proargtypes => '',
- proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,timestamptz,text}',
- proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
- proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,recovery_last_xact_time,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state}',
+ proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,timestamptz,text,text}',
+ proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
+ proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,recovery_last_xact_time,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state,wal_source}',
prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_recovery' },
{ oid => '6169', descr => 'statistics: information about replication slot',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_replication_slot', provolatile => 's',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
index ed82852809a..bc3388c8055 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -2135,8 +2135,9 @@ pg_stat_recovery| SELECT promote_triggered,
replay_end_tli,
recovery_last_xact_time,
current_chunk_start_time,
- pause_state
- FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, recovery_last_xact_time, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state);
+ pause_state,
+ wal_source
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, recovery_last_xact_time, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state, wal_source);
pg_stat_recovery_prefetch| SELECT stats_reset,
prefetch,
hit,
--
2.51.0
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-05 03:58 Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
parent: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 1 reply; 65+ messages in thread
From: Michael Paquier @ 2026-03-05 03:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
On Wed, Mar 04, 2026 at 09:02:29AM +0800, Xuneng Zhou wrote:
> Just rebase.
I have applied 0001, that simply moves some code around.
Regarding 0002, I would recommend to not bump the catalog version in
catversion.h when sending a patch to the lists. This task is left to
committers when the code gets merged into the tree. And this is
annoying for submitters because it can create a lot of conflicts.
Using a set-returning function is I think wrong here, betraying the
representation of the recovery status as stored in the system. We
know that there is only one state of recovery, fixed in shared memory.
Like the cousins of this new function, let's make thinks non-SRF,
returning one row all the time with PG_RETURN_NULL() if the conditions
for information display are not satisfied. When we are not in
recovery or when the role querying the function is not granted
ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, that will simplify the patch as there is no
need for the else branch with the nulls, as written in your patch.
The field values are acquired the right way, spinlock acquisitions
have to be short.
Like pg_stat_wal_receiver, let's add to the view definition a qual to
return a row only if the fields are not NULL.
pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state() displays the pause_state, and it is
not hidden behind the stats read role. I am not really convinced that
this is worth bothering to treat as an exception in this patch. It
makes it a bit more complicated, for little gain. I would just hide
all the fields behind the role granted, to keep the code simpler, even
if that's slightly inconsistent with pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state().
After writing this last point, as far as I can see there is a small
optimization possible in the patch. When a role is not granted
ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, we know that we will not return any
information so we could skip the spinlock acquisition and avoid
spinlock acquisitions when one queries the function but has no access
to its data.
+ True if a promotion has been triggered for this standby server.
Standby servers are implied if data is returned, this sentence can be
simpler and cut the "standby server" part.
+ Start LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
[...]
+ End LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
[...]
+ Timeline of the last replayed WAL record.
For other system views with LSN information, we don't use "LSN", but
"write-ahead log location". I'd suggest the same term here. These
three fields refer to the last record *successfully* replayed. It
seems important to mention this fact, I guess?
+ <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Current replay position. When replaying a record, this is the end
+ position of the record being replayed; otherwise it equals
+ <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield>.
Slightly inexact. This is the end LSN + 1.
+ <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
[..]
+ <structfield>replay_end_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
Okay, I can fall behind the addition of these two, it could be helpful
in debugging something like a locking issue when replaying a specific
record, I guess. At least I'd want to know what is happening for a
record currently being replayed. It seems to me that this could be
more precise, mentioning that these refer to a record *currently*
being replayed.
Is recoveryLastXTime actually that relevant to have? We use it for
logging and for recovery target times, which is something less
relevant than the other fields, especially if we think about standbys
where these have no targets to reach.
currentChunkStartTime, on the contrary, is much more relevant to me,
due to the fact that we use it in WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable() with
active WAL receivers running.
--
Michael
Attachments:
[application/pgp-signature] signature.asc (833B, ../../[email protected]/2-signature.asc)
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^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-05 07:37 Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 1 reply; 65+ messages in thread
From: Xuneng Zhou @ 2026-03-05 07:37 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
Hi Michael,
Thanks for the detailed feedback!
On Thu, Mar 5, 2026 at 11:58 AM Michael Paquier <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Mar 04, 2026 at 09:02:29AM +0800, Xuneng Zhou wrote:
> > Just rebase.
>
> I have applied 0001, that simply moves some code around.
>
Thanks for applying.
> Regarding 0002, I would recommend to not bump the catalog version in
> catversion.h when sending a patch to the lists. This task is left to
> committers when the code gets merged into the tree. And this is
> annoying for submitters because it can create a lot of conflicts.
I'll leave it untouched.
> Using a set-returning function is I think wrong here, betraying the
> representation of the recovery status as stored in the system. We
> know that there is only one state of recovery, fixed in shared memory.
> Like the cousins of this new function, let's make thinks non-SRF,
> returning one row all the time with PG_RETURN_NULL() if the conditions
> for information display are not satisfied. When we are not in
> recovery or when the role querying the function is not granted
> ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, that will simplify the patch as there is no
> need for the else branch with the nulls, as written in your patch.
> The field values are acquired the right way, spinlock acquisitions
> have to be short.
My earlier thought for keeping pg_stat_get_recovery as an SRF is to
make pg_stat_recovery simpler by avoiding an extra filter such as
WHERE s.promote_triggered IS NOT NULL to preserve 0/1-row semantics.
pg_stat_get_recovery_prefetch also uses the SRF pattern.
> Like pg_stat_wal_receiver, let's add to the view definition a qual to
> return a row only if the fields are not NULL.
>
> pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state() displays the pause_state, and it is
> not hidden behind the stats read role. I am not really convinced that
> this is worth bothering to treat as an exception in this patch. It
> makes it a bit more complicated, for little gain. I would just hide
> all the fields behind the role granted, to keep the code simpler, even
> if that's slightly inconsistent with pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state().
I agree that exposing a subset of columns unconditionally is not worth
the added complexity.
> After writing this last point, as far as I can see there is a small
> optimization possible in the patch. When a role is not granted
> ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, we know that we will not return any
> information so we could skip the spinlock acquisition and avoid
> spinlock acquisitions when one queries the function but has no access
> to its data.
Makes sense to me. I'll apply it as suggested.
> + True if a promotion has been triggered for this standby server.
>
> Standby servers are implied if data is returned, this sentence can be
> simpler and cut the "standby server" part.
+ 1
> + Start LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
> [...]
> + End LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
> [...]
> + Timeline of the last replayed WAL record.
> For other system views with LSN information, we don't use "LSN", but
> "write-ahead log location". I'd suggest the same term here. These
> three fields refer to the last record *successfully* replayed. It
> seems important to mention this fact, I guess?
I'll replace them.
> + <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
> + </para>
> + <para>
> + Current replay position. When replaying a record, this is the end
> + position of the record being replayed; otherwise it equals
> + <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield>.
>
> Slightly inexact. This is the end LSN + 1.
Yeh, this needs to be corrected.
> + <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
> [..]
> + <structfield>replay_end_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
>
> Okay, I can fall behind the addition of these two, it could be helpful
> in debugging something like a locking issue when replaying a specific
> record, I guess. At least I'd want to know what is happening for a
> record currently being replayed. It seems to me that this could be
> more precise, mentioning that these refer to a record *currently*
> being replayed.
I will adjust the docs to say these describe the record currently
being replayed, with replay_end_lsn being the end position + 1.
> Is recoveryLastXTime actually that relevant to have? We use it for
> logging and for recovery target times, which is something less
> relevant than the other fields, especially if we think about standbys
> where these have no targets to reach.
I agree it is less central for standby monitoring (and partly overlaps
with pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()), so I’ll remove it from this
view in the next revision.
> currentChunkStartTime, on the contrary, is much more relevant to me,
> due to the fact that we use it in WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable() with
> active WAL receivers running.
Yeah, it could be useful for apply-delay/catch-up diagnostics.
--
Best,
Xuneng
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-05 13:01 Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
parent: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 3 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Xuneng Zhou @ 2026-03-05 13:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
Hi,
On Thu, Mar 5, 2026 at 3:37 PM Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Hi Michael,
>
> Thanks for the detailed feedback!
>
> On Thu, Mar 5, 2026 at 11:58 AM Michael Paquier <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Mar 04, 2026 at 09:02:29AM +0800, Xuneng Zhou wrote:
> > > Just rebase.
> >
> > I have applied 0001, that simply moves some code around.
> >
>
> Thanks for applying.
>
> > Regarding 0002, I would recommend to not bump the catalog version in
> > catversion.h when sending a patch to the lists. This task is left to
> > committers when the code gets merged into the tree. And this is
> > annoying for submitters because it can create a lot of conflicts.
>
> I'll leave it untouched.
>
> > Using a set-returning function is I think wrong here, betraying the
> > representation of the recovery status as stored in the system. We
> > know that there is only one state of recovery, fixed in shared memory.
> > Like the cousins of this new function, let's make thinks non-SRF,
> > returning one row all the time with PG_RETURN_NULL() if the conditions
> > for information display are not satisfied. When we are not in
> > recovery or when the role querying the function is not granted
> > ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, that will simplify the patch as there is no
> > need for the else branch with the nulls, as written in your patch.
> > The field values are acquired the right way, spinlock acquisitions
> > have to be short.
>
> My earlier thought for keeping pg_stat_get_recovery as an SRF is to
> make pg_stat_recovery simpler by avoiding an extra filter such as
> WHERE s.promote_triggered IS NOT NULL to preserve 0/1-row semantics.
> pg_stat_get_recovery_prefetch also uses the SRF pattern.
>
> > Like pg_stat_wal_receiver, let's add to the view definition a qual to
> > return a row only if the fields are not NULL.
> >
> > pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state() displays the pause_state, and it is
> > not hidden behind the stats read role. I am not really convinced that
> > this is worth bothering to treat as an exception in this patch. It
> > makes it a bit more complicated, for little gain. I would just hide
> > all the fields behind the role granted, to keep the code simpler, even
> > if that's slightly inconsistent with pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state().
>
> I agree that exposing a subset of columns unconditionally is not worth
> the added complexity.
>
> > After writing this last point, as far as I can see there is a small
> > optimization possible in the patch. When a role is not granted
> > ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, we know that we will not return any
> > information so we could skip the spinlock acquisition and avoid
> > spinlock acquisitions when one queries the function but has no access
> > to its data.
>
> Makes sense to me. I'll apply it as suggested.
>
> > + True if a promotion has been triggered for this standby server.
> >
> > Standby servers are implied if data is returned, this sentence can be
> > simpler and cut the "standby server" part.
>
> + 1
>
> > + Start LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
> > [...]
> > + End LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
> > [...]
> > + Timeline of the last replayed WAL record.
> > For other system views with LSN information, we don't use "LSN", but
> > "write-ahead log location". I'd suggest the same term here. These
> > three fields refer to the last record *successfully* replayed. It
> > seems important to mention this fact, I guess?
>
> I'll replace them.
>
> > + <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
> > + </para>
> > + <para>
> > + Current replay position. When replaying a record, this is the end
> > + position of the record being replayed; otherwise it equals
> > + <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield>.
> >
> > Slightly inexact. This is the end LSN + 1.
>
> Yeh, this needs to be corrected.
>
> > + <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
> > [..]
> > + <structfield>replay_end_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
> >
> > Okay, I can fall behind the addition of these two, it could be helpful
> > in debugging something like a locking issue when replaying a specific
> > record, I guess. At least I'd want to know what is happening for a
> > record currently being replayed. It seems to me that this could be
> > more precise, mentioning that these refer to a record *currently*
> > being replayed.
>
> I will adjust the docs to say these describe the record currently
> being replayed, with replay_end_lsn being the end position + 1.
>
> > Is recoveryLastXTime actually that relevant to have? We use it for
> > logging and for recovery target times, which is something less
> > relevant than the other fields, especially if we think about standbys
> > where these have no targets to reach.
>
> I agree it is less central for standby monitoring (and partly overlaps
> with pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()), so I’ll remove it from this
> view in the next revision.
>
> > currentChunkStartTime, on the contrary, is much more relevant to me,
> > due to the fact that we use it in WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable() with
> > active WAL receivers running.
>
> Yeah, it could be useful for apply-delay/catch-up diagnostics.
>
Here is the updated patch set. Please take a look.
--
Best,
Xuneng
Attachments:
[application/x-patch] v3-0001-Add-pg_stat_recovery-system-view.patch (14.6K, ../../CABPTF7VeRDDpRaBXN9J2hKKGkvJMr_6Ppr=QWS_CBBU0jkOUFw@mail.gmail.com/2-v3-0001-Add-pg_stat_recovery-system-view.patch)
download | inline diff:
From f23f2662f41d8456a1450c98e4dd1b50ea43ed99 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 12:11:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v3 1/3] Add pg_stat_recovery system view
Introduce pg_stat_recovery to expose WAL recovery state maintained by the
startup process, including:
- last replayed record boundaries and timeline
- current replay end pointer and timeline
- current WAL chunk start time
- promotion trigger state
- recovery pause state
Implement pg_stat_get_recovery() as a non-SRF, following the
pg_stat_get_wal_receiver() pattern.
Gate all output behind pg_read_all_stats. If the caller lacks that role,
or recovery is not in progress, return NULL immediately before taking
XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck.
---
doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml | 150 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c | 98 ++++++++++++++++
src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql | 13 +++
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 7 ++
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out | 10 ++
src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out | 7 ++
src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql | 3 +
7 files changed, 288 insertions(+)
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index dcf6e6a2f48..3bace7d1430 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -338,6 +338,15 @@ postgres 27093 0.0 0.0 30096 2752 ? Ss 11:34 0:00 postgres: ser
</entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname><indexterm><primary>pg_stat_recovery</primary></indexterm></entry>
+ <entry>Only one row, showing statistics about the recovery state of the
+ startup process. This view returns no row when not in recovery.
+ See <link linkend="monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-view">
+ <structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname></link> for details.
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry><structname>pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</structname><indexterm><primary>pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</primary></indexterm></entry>
<entry>Only one row, showing statistics about blocks prefetched during recovery.
@@ -1912,6 +1921,147 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-view">
+ <title><structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname></title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>pg_stat_recovery</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ The <structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname> view will contain only
+ one row, showing statistics about the recovery state of the startup
+ process. This view returns no row when the server is not in recovery.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Some columns are restricted to members of the
+ <literal>pg_read_all_stats</literal> role; other users will see
+ <literal>NULL</literal> values for these columns. The restricted columns
+ include LSN values, timeline IDs, and timestamps. Basic operational status
+ columns (<structfield>promote_triggered</structfield>,
+ <structfield>pause_state</structfield>) are visible to all users.
+ </para>
+
+ <table id="pg-stat-recovery-view" xreflabel="pg_stat_recovery">
+ <title><structname>pg_stat_recovery</structname> View</title>
+ <tgroup cols="1">
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ Column Type
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Description
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>promote_triggered</structfield> <type>boolean</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ True if a promotion has been triggered.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>last_replayed_read_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Start write-ahead log location of the last successfully replayed
+ WAL record.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ End write-ahead log location of the last successfully replayed
+ WAL record.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>last_replayed_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Timeline of the last successfully replayed WAL record.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Write-ahead log location of the record currently being replayed
+ (end position plus one). When no record is being actively replayed,
+ equals <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield>.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>replay_end_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Timeline of the WAL record currently being replayed.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>current_chunk_start_time</structfield> <type>timestamp with time zone</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Time when the startup process observed that replay had caught up
+ with the latest received WAL chunk. Used in recovery-conflict
+ timing and replay/apply-lag diagnostics. NULL if not yet
+ available.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>pause_state</structfield> <type>text</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Recovery pause state. Possible values are:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>not paused</literal>: Recovery is proceeding normally.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>pause requested</literal>: A pause has been requested
+ but recovery has not yet paused.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>paused</literal>: Recovery is paused.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="monitoring-pg-stat-recovery-prefetch">
<title><structname>pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</structname></title>
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 2efe4105efb..142289d8071 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@
#include "access/xlog_internal.h"
#include "access/xlogbackup.h"
#include "access/xlogrecovery.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pgstat.h"
+#include "storage/spin.h"
+#include "utils/acl.h"
#include "replication/walreceiver.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/latch.h"
@@ -748,3 +751,98 @@ pg_promote(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
wait_seconds)));
PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
}
+
+/*
+ * pg_stat_get_recovery - returns information about WAL recovery state
+ *
+ * Returns NULL when not in recovery or when the caller lacks
+ * pg_read_all_stats privileges; one row otherwise.
+ */
+Datum
+pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+ TupleDesc tupdesc;
+ Datum *values;
+ bool *nulls;
+
+ /* Local copies of shared state */
+ bool promote_triggered;
+ XLogRecPtr last_replayed_read_lsn;
+ XLogRecPtr last_replayed_end_lsn;
+ TimeLineID last_replayed_tli;
+ XLogRecPtr replay_end_lsn;
+ TimeLineID replay_end_tli;
+ TimestampTz current_chunk_start_time;
+ RecoveryPauseState pause_state;
+
+ if (!RecoveryInProgress())
+ PG_RETURN_NULL();
+
+ if (!has_privs_of_role(GetUserId(), ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS))
+ PG_RETURN_NULL();
+
+ /* Take a lock to ensure value consistency */
+ SpinLockAcquire(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ promote_triggered = XLogRecoveryCtl->SharedPromoteIsTriggered;
+ last_replayed_read_lsn = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReplayedReadRecPtr;
+ last_replayed_end_lsn = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReplayedEndRecPtr;
+ last_replayed_tli = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReplayedTLI;
+ replay_end_lsn = XLogRecoveryCtl->replayEndRecPtr;
+ replay_end_tli = XLogRecoveryCtl->replayEndTLI;
+ current_chunk_start_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->currentChunkStartTime;
+ pause_state = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryPauseState;
+ SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+
+ if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
+ elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");
+
+ values = palloc0_array(Datum, tupdesc->natts);
+ nulls = palloc0_array(bool, tupdesc->natts);
+
+ values[0] = BoolGetDatum(promote_triggered);
+
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(last_replayed_read_lsn))
+ values[1] = LSNGetDatum(last_replayed_read_lsn);
+ else
+ nulls[1] = true;
+
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(last_replayed_end_lsn))
+ values[2] = LSNGetDatum(last_replayed_end_lsn);
+ else
+ nulls[2] = true;
+
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(last_replayed_end_lsn))
+ values[3] = Int32GetDatum(last_replayed_tli);
+ else
+ nulls[3] = true;
+
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(replay_end_lsn))
+ values[4] = LSNGetDatum(replay_end_lsn);
+ else
+ nulls[4] = true;
+
+ if (XLogRecPtrIsValid(replay_end_lsn))
+ values[5] = Int32GetDatum(replay_end_tli);
+ else
+ nulls[5] = true;
+
+ if (current_chunk_start_time != 0)
+ values[6] = TimestampTzGetDatum(current_chunk_start_time);
+ else
+ nulls[6] = true;
+
+ switch (pause_state)
+ {
+ case RECOVERY_NOT_PAUSED:
+ values[7] = CStringGetTextDatum("not paused");
+ break;
+ case RECOVERY_PAUSE_REQUESTED:
+ values[7] = CStringGetTextDatum("pause requested");
+ break;
+ case RECOVERY_PAUSED:
+ values[7] = CStringGetTextDatum("paused");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ PG_RETURN_DATUM(HeapTupleGetDatum(heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls)));
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 1ea8f1faa9e..3aa77558bd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -1005,6 +1005,19 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_wal_receiver AS
FROM pg_stat_get_wal_receiver() s
WHERE s.pid IS NOT NULL;
+CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery AS
+ SELECT
+ s.promote_triggered,
+ s.last_replayed_read_lsn,
+ s.last_replayed_end_lsn,
+ s.last_replayed_tli,
+ s.replay_end_lsn,
+ s.replay_end_tli,
+ s.current_chunk_start_time,
+ s.pause_state
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s
+ WHERE s.promote_triggered IS NOT NULL;
+
CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery_prefetch AS
SELECT
s.stats_reset,
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index dac40992cbc..514ec8dc5ad 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5698,6 +5698,13 @@
proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
proargnames => '{pid,status,receive_start_lsn,receive_start_tli,written_lsn,flushed_lsn,received_tli,last_msg_send_time,last_msg_receipt_time,latest_end_lsn,latest_end_time,slot_name,sender_host,sender_port,conninfo}',
prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_wal_receiver' },
+{ oid => '9949', descr => 'statistics: information about WAL recovery',
+ proname => 'pg_stat_get_recovery', proisstrict => 'f', provolatile => 's',
+ proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => '',
+ proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,text}',
+ proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
+ proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state}',
+ prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_recovery' },
{ oid => '6169', descr => 'statistics: information about replication slot',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_replication_slot', provolatile => 's',
proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => 'text',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
index 78a37d9fc8f..1150dc0ebf2 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -2127,6 +2127,16 @@ pg_stat_progress_vacuum| SELECT s.pid,
END AS started_by
FROM (pg_stat_get_progress_info('VACUUM'::text) s(pid, datid, relid, param1, param2, param3, param4, param5, param6, param7, param8, param9, param10, param11, param12, param13, param14, param15, param16, param17, param18, param19, param20)
LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON ((s.datid = d.oid)));
+pg_stat_recovery| SELECT promote_triggered,
+ last_replayed_read_lsn,
+ last_replayed_end_lsn,
+ last_replayed_tli,
+ replay_end_lsn,
+ replay_end_tli,
+ current_chunk_start_time,
+ pause_state
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state)
+ WHERE (s.promote_triggered IS NOT NULL);
pg_stat_recovery_prefetch| SELECT stats_reset,
prefetch,
hit,
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out b/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
index 3dd63fd88ed..132b56a5864 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/sysviews.out
@@ -143,6 +143,13 @@ select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_wal_receiver;
t
(1 row)
+-- We expect no recovery state in this test (running on primary)
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_recovery;
+ ok
+----
+ t
+(1 row)
+
-- This is to record the prevailing planner enable_foo settings during
-- a regression test run.
select name, setting from pg_settings where name like 'enable%';
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
index 004f9a70e00..507e400ad4a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/sysviews.sql
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ select count(*) = 1 as ok from pg_stat_wal;
-- We expect no walreceiver running in this test
select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_wal_receiver;
+-- We expect no recovery state in this test (running on primary)
+select count(*) = 0 as ok from pg_stat_recovery;
+
-- This is to record the prevailing planner enable_foo settings during
-- a regression test run.
select name, setting from pg_settings where name like 'enable%';
--
2.51.0
[application/x-patch] v3-0002-Refactor-move-XLogSource-enum-to-xlogrecovery.h.patch (2.4K, ../../CABPTF7VeRDDpRaBXN9J2hKKGkvJMr_6Ppr=QWS_CBBU0jkOUFw@mail.gmail.com/3-v3-0002-Refactor-move-XLogSource-enum-to-xlogrecovery.h.patch)
download | inline diff:
From e5e1596cf711a7a52b529450401ad0d00285e05e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 13:59:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v3 2/3] Refactor: move XLogSource enum to xlogrecovery.h
Move the XLogSource enum definition from xlogrecovery.c to the public
header xlogrecovery.h to make it available for external use.
This is preparation for exposing WAL source information via the
pg_stat_recovery view. The xlogSourceNames array remains in the
implementation file as it's only used for debugging output.
No functional change.
---
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 12 ------------
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 12 ++++++++++++
2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index 31806dcf008..680caee7a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -204,18 +204,6 @@ typedef struct XLogPageReadPrivate
/* flag to tell XLogPageRead that we have started replaying */
static bool InRedo = false;
-/*
- * Codes indicating where we got a WAL file from during recovery, or where
- * to attempt to get one.
- */
-typedef enum
-{
- XLOG_FROM_ANY = 0, /* request to read WAL from any source */
- XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE, /* restored using restore_command */
- XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL, /* existing file in pg_wal */
- XLOG_FROM_STREAM, /* streamed from primary */
-} XLogSource;
-
/* human-readable names for XLogSources, for debugging output */
static const char *const xlogSourceNames[] = {"any", "archive", "pg_wal", "stream"};
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index 3d1ee491f39..514595f0ee6 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -61,6 +61,18 @@ typedef enum RecoveryPauseState
RECOVERY_PAUSED, /* recovery is paused */
} RecoveryPauseState;
+/*
+ * Codes indicating where we got a WAL file from during recovery, or where
+ * to attempt to get one.
+ */
+typedef enum XLogSource
+{
+ XLOG_FROM_ANY = 0, /* request to read WAL from any source */
+ XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE, /* restored using restore_command */
+ XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL, /* existing file in pg_wal */
+ XLOG_FROM_STREAM, /* streamed from primary */
+} XLogSource;
+
/*
* Shared-memory state for WAL recovery.
*/
--
2.51.0
[application/x-patch] v3-0003-Add-wal_source-column-to-pg_stat_recovery.patch (8.3K, ../../CABPTF7VeRDDpRaBXN9J2hKKGkvJMr_6Ppr=QWS_CBBU0jkOUFw@mail.gmail.com/4-v3-0003-Add-wal_source-column-to-pg_stat_recovery.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 0bb0b2f4af6abdb7bc2f256a44f80f1dd46ad6b3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 14:02:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v3 3/3] Add wal_source column to pg_stat_recovery
Extend pg_stat_recovery with a wal_source column that shows where the
startup process most recently read WAL data from: 'archive', 'pg_wal',
or 'stream'.
This helps diagnose recovery behavior:
- Detecting streaming vs archive fallback transitions
- Monitoring initial standby catch-up progress
- Troubleshooting replication lag sources
The column reflects the current read source, not the original delivery
mechanism. Streamed WAL that is subsequently read from local files
shows 'pg_wal'. NULL if no WAL has been read yet.
---
doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c | 18 ++++++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 6 ++++
src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql | 3 +-
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 8 +++++
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 6 ++--
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out | 5 ++--
7 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index 3bace7d1430..327515442a9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -2056,6 +2056,42 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
</entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>wal_source</structfield> <type>text</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Source from which the startup process most recently read WAL data.
+ Possible values are:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>archive</literal>: WAL restored using
+ <varname>restore_command</varname>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>pg_wal</literal>: WAL read from local
+ <filename>pg_wal</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>stream</literal>: WAL actively being streamed from the
+ upstream server.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>
+ NULL if no WAL has been read yet. Note that this reflects the
+ current read source, not the original delivery mechanism; streamed
+ WAL that is subsequently read from local files will show
+ <literal>pg_wal</literal>.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 142289d8071..cdf7e9074e5 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -774,6 +774,7 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
TimeLineID replay_end_tli;
TimestampTz current_chunk_start_time;
RecoveryPauseState pause_state;
+ XLogSource wal_source;
if (!RecoveryInProgress())
PG_RETURN_NULL();
@@ -791,6 +792,7 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
replay_end_tli = XLogRecoveryCtl->replayEndTLI;
current_chunk_start_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->currentChunkStartTime;
pause_state = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryPauseState;
+ wal_source = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource;
SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
@@ -844,5 +846,21 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
break;
}
+ switch (wal_source)
+ {
+ case XLOG_FROM_ANY:
+ nulls[8] = true;
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("archive");
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("pg_wal");
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_STREAM:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("stream");
+ break;
+ }
+
PG_RETURN_DATUM(HeapTupleGetDatum(heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls)));
}
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index 680caee7a43..c5ebdca8379 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ XLogRecoveryShmemInit(void)
memset(XLogRecoveryCtl, 0, sizeof(XLogRecoveryCtlData));
SpinLockInit(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource = XLOG_FROM_ANY;
InitSharedLatch(&XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryWakeupLatch);
ConditionVariableInit(&XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryNotPausedCV);
}
@@ -4249,6 +4250,11 @@ XLogFileRead(XLogSegNo segno, TimeLineID tli,
if (source != XLOG_FROM_STREAM)
XLogReceiptTime = GetCurrentTimestamp();
+ /* Update shared memory for external visibility */
+ SpinLockAcquire(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource = source;
+ SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+
return fd;
}
if (errno != ENOENT || !notfoundOk) /* unexpected failure? */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 3aa77558bd6..d28e665cbb1 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -1014,7 +1014,8 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery AS
s.replay_end_lsn,
s.replay_end_tli,
s.current_chunk_start_time,
- s.pause_state
+ s.pause_state,
+ s.wal_source
FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s
WHERE s.promote_triggered IS NOT NULL;
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index 514595f0ee6..f18922271a1 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -133,6 +133,14 @@ typedef struct XLogRecoveryCtlData
RecoveryPauseState recoveryPauseState;
ConditionVariable recoveryNotPausedCV;
+ /*
+ * Source from which the startup process most recently read WAL data.
+ * Updated when the startup process successfully reads WAL from a source.
+ * Note: this reflects the read source, not the original receipt source;
+ * streamed WAL read from local files will show XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL.
+ */
+ XLogSource lastReadSource;
+
slock_t info_lck; /* locks shared variables shown above */
} XLogRecoveryCtlData;
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 514ec8dc5ad..f4c93139d77 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5701,9 +5701,9 @@
{ oid => '9949', descr => 'statistics: information about WAL recovery',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_recovery', proisstrict => 'f', provolatile => 's',
proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => '',
- proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,text}',
- proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
- proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state}',
+ proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,text,text}',
+ proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
+ proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state,wal_source}',
prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_recovery' },
{ oid => '6169', descr => 'statistics: information about replication slot',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_replication_slot', provolatile => 's',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
index 1150dc0ebf2..994d184f5a4 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -2134,8 +2134,9 @@ pg_stat_recovery| SELECT promote_triggered,
replay_end_lsn,
replay_end_tli,
current_chunk_start_time,
- pause_state
- FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state)
+ pause_state,
+ wal_source
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state, wal_source)
WHERE (s.promote_triggered IS NOT NULL);
pg_stat_recovery_prefetch| SELECT stats_reset,
prefetch,
--
2.51.0
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 04:00 Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
parent: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2 siblings, 2 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Michael Paquier @ 2026-03-06 04:00 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
On Thu, Mar 05, 2026 at 09:01:35PM +0800, Xuneng Zhou wrote:
> Here is the updated patch set. Please take a look.
Thanks. It was mostly fine, still:
- The extra mention of ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS was not necessary. We
already have one at the top of the section.
- After sleeping on it, I have decided to keep recoveryLastXTime,
partially because we have a system function to retrieve it already.
- There was a refactoring piece possible when we switch a
RecoveryPauseState to a non-translatable string, which I have applied
separately.
- Added one test with pg_stat_recovery checked on a standby.
--
Michael
Attachments:
[application/pgp-signature] signature.asc (833B, ../../[email protected]/2-signature.asc)
download
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 05:19 Shinya Kato <[email protected]>
parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
1 sibling, 1 reply; 65+ messages in thread
From: Shinya Kato @ 2026-03-06 05:19 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
Reading the committed patch, it appears that the values for
current_chunk_start_time and recovery_last_xact_time have been
swapped. Could you please look into this?
I have attached the patch (with redundant comments removed).
--
Best regards,
Shinya Kato
NTT OSS Center
Attachments:
[application/octet-stream] fix-swapped-timestamp-columns.diff (793B, ../../CAOzEurQQ1naKmPJhfE5WOUQjtf5tu08Kw3QCGY5UY=7Rt9fE=w@mail.gmail.com/2-fix-swapped-timestamp-columns.diff)
download | inline diff:
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 7c0e430b690..80007783067 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -842,14 +842,13 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
else
nulls[5] = true;
- if (current_chunk_start_time != 0)
- values[6] = TimestampTzGetDatum(current_chunk_start_time);
+ if (recovery_last_xact_time != 0)
+ values[6] = TimestampTzGetDatum(recovery_last_xact_time);
else
nulls[6] = true;
- /* recovery_last_xact_time */
- if (recovery_last_xact_time != 0)
- values[7] = TimestampTzGetDatum(recovery_last_xact_time);
+ if (current_chunk_start_time != 0)
+ values[7] = TimestampTzGetDatum(current_chunk_start_time);
else
nulls[7] = true;
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 05:28 Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
parent: Shinya Kato <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Michael Paquier @ 2026-03-06 05:28 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Shinya Kato <[email protected]>; +Cc: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
On Fri, Mar 06, 2026 at 02:19:01PM +0900, Shinya Kato wrote:
> Reading the committed patch, it appears that the values for
> current_chunk_start_time and recovery_last_xact_time have been
> swapped. Could you please look into this?
>
> I have attached the patch (with redundant comments removed).
Oops, indeed. Will fix shortly.
--
Michael
Attachments:
[application/pgp-signature] signature.asc (833B, ../../[email protected]/2-signature.asc)
download
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 05:48 =?utf-8?B?eWFuZ3l6?= <[email protected]>
parent: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2 siblings, 1 reply; 65+ messages in thread
From: =?utf-8?B?eWFuZ3l6?= @ 2026-03-06 05:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: =?utf-8?B?WHVuZW5nIFpob3U=?= <[email protected]>; =?utf-8?B?TWljaGFlbCBQYXF1aWVy?= <[email protected]>; +Cc: =?utf-8?B?cGdzcWwtaGFja2Vycw==?= <[email protected]>
I reviewed the patch you submitted and identified two issues.
1.In the Add pg_stat_recovery system view patch file, the documentation
modification indicates that the lack of permissions only results in the inability
to view a few specific columns. But the implementation of the code is:
if (! has_privs_of_role(GetUserId(), ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS))
PG_RETURN_NULL();
If there is no permission, return an empty line. This is inconsistent with the written document.
2.In the function pg_stat_get_recovery(), the two arrays "Datum *values" and "bool *nulls" consist of a fixed set of seven elements, so there is no need for dynamic allocation.
Regards,
Yuanzhuo
原始邮件
发件人：Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
发件时间：2026年3月5日 21:01
收件人：Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
抄送：pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
主题：Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
Hi,
On Thu, Mar 5, 2026 at 3:37 PM Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Hi Michael,
>
> Thanks for the detailed feedback!
>
> On Thu, Mar 5, 2026 at 11:58 AM Michael Paquier <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Mar 04, 2026 at 09:02:29AM +0800, Xuneng Zhou wrote:
> > > Just rebase.
> >
> > I have applied 0001, that simply moves some code around.
> >
>
> Thanks for applying.
>
> > Regarding 0002, I would recommend to not bump the catalog version in
> > catversion.h when sending a patch to the lists. This task is left to
> > committers when the code gets merged into the tree. And this is
> > annoying for submitters because it can create a lot of conflicts.
>
> I'll leave it untouched.
>
> > Using a set-returning function is I think wrong here, betraying the
> > representation of the recovery status as stored in the system. We
> > know that there is only one state of recovery, fixed in shared memory.
> > Like the cousins of this new function, let's make thinks non-SRF,
> > returning one row all the time with PG_RETURN_NULL() if the conditions
> > for information display are not satisfied. When we are not in
> > recovery or when the role querying the function is not granted
> > ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, that will simplify the patch as there is no
> > need for the else branch with the nulls, as written in your patch.
> > The field values are acquired the right way, spinlock acquisitions
> > have to be short.
>
> My earlier thought for keeping pg_stat_get_recovery as an SRF is to
> make pg_stat_recovery simpler by avoiding an extra filter such as
> WHERE s.promote_triggered IS NOT NULL to preserve 0/1-row semantics.
> pg_stat_get_recovery_prefetch also uses the SRF pattern.
>
> > Like pg_stat_wal_receiver, let's add to the view definition a qual to
> > return a row only if the fields are not NULL.
> >
> > pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state() displays the pause_state, and it is
> > not hidden behind the stats read role. I am not really convinced that
> > this is worth bothering to treat as an exception in this patch. It
> > makes it a bit more complicated, for little gain. I would just hide
> > all the fields behind the role granted, to keep the code simpler, even
> > if that's slightly inconsistent with pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state().
>
> I agree that exposing a subset of columns unconditionally is not worth
> the added complexity.
>
> > After writing this last point, as far as I can see there is a small
> > optimization possible in the patch. When a role is not granted
> > ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, we know that we will not return any
> > information so we could skip the spinlock acquisition and avoid
> > spinlock acquisitions when one queries the function but has no access
> > to its data.
>
> Makes sense to me. I'll apply it as suggested.
>
> > + True if a promotion has been triggered for this standby server.
> >
> > Standby servers are implied if data is returned, this sentence can be
> > simpler and cut the "standby server" part.
>
> + 1
>
> > + Start LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
> > [...]
> > + End LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
> > [...]
> > + Timeline of the last replayed WAL record.
> > For other system views with LSN information, we don't use "LSN", but
> > "write-ahead log location". I'd suggest the same term here. These
> > three fields refer to the last record *successfully* replayed. It
> > seems important to mention this fact, I guess?
>
> I'll replace them.
>
> > + <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
> > + </para>
> > + <para>
> > + Current replay position. When replaying a record, this is the end
> > + position of the record being replayed; otherwise it equals
> > + <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield>.
> >
> > Slightly inexact. This is the end LSN + 1.
>
> Yeh, this needs to be corrected.
>
> > + <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
> > [..]
> > + <structfield>replay_end_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
> >
> > Okay, I can fall behind the addition of these two, it could be helpful
> > in debugging something like a locking issue when replaying a specific
> > record, I guess. At least I'd want to know what is happening for a
> > record currently being replayed. It seems to me that this could be
> > more precise, mentioning that these refer to a record *currently*
> > being replayed.
>
> I will adjust the docs to say these describe the record currently
> being replayed, with replay_end_lsn being the end position + 1.
>
> > Is recoveryLastXTime actually that relevant to have? We use it for
> > logging and for recovery target times, which is something less
> > relevant than the other fields, especially if we think about standbys
> > where these have no targets to reach.
>
> I agree it is less central for standby monitoring (and partly overlaps
> with pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()), so I’ll remove it from this
> view in the next revision.
>
> > currentChunkStartTime, on the contrary, is much more relevant to me,
> > due to the fact that we use it in WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable() with
> > active WAL receivers running.
>
> Yeah, it could be useful for apply-delay/catch-up diagnostics.
>
Here is the updated patch set. Please take a look.
--
Best,
Xuneng
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 06:06 Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
1 sibling, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Xuneng Zhou @ 2026-03-06 06:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
Hi,
On Fri, Mar 6, 2026 at 12:00 PM Michael Paquier <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> On Thu, Mar 05, 2026 at 09:01:35PM +0800, Xuneng Zhou wrote:
> > Here is the updated patch set. Please take a look.
>
> Thanks. It was mostly fine, still:
> - The extra mention of ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS was not necessary. We
> already have one at the top of the section.
> - After sleeping on it, I have decided to keep recoveryLastXTime,
> partially because we have a system function to retrieve it already.
> - There was a refactoring piece possible when we switch a
> RecoveryPauseState to a non-translatable string, which I have applied
> separately
It looks cleaner.
> - Added one test with pg_stat_recovery checked on a standby.
> --
> Michael
Thanks for improving and pushing!
--
Best,
Xuneng
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 06:21 Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
parent: =?utf-8?B?eWFuZ3l6?= <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 2 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Xuneng Zhou @ 2026-03-06 06:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: yangyz <[email protected]>; +Cc: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
Hi Yuanzhuo,
Thanks for looking into it.
On Fri, Mar 6, 2026 at 1:48 PM yangyz <[email protected]> wrote:
> I reviewed the patch you submitted and identified two issues.
>
> 1.In the Add pg_stat_recovery system view patch file, the documentation
> modification indicates that the lack of permissions only results in the
> inability
> to view a few specific columns. But the implementation of the code is:
>
> if (! has_privs_of_role(GetUserId(), ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS))
> PG_RETURN_NULL();
>
If there is no permission, return an empty line. This is inconsistent with
> the written document.
>
Yeah, this is a mismatch in the patch v3. However, it's been removed by
Michael in the commit. So it should be fine in HEAD.
> 2.In the function pg_stat_get_recovery(), the two arrays "Datum *values"
> and "bool *nulls" consist of a fixed set of seven elements, so there is no
> need for dynamic allocation.
>
For a single-row function with ~8–10 columns, saving one palloc is a
micro-optimization, not a major performance issue. I am not that sure of
the benefit it brings, still preparing a small patch to turn the palloc
into a fixed stack array.
--
Best,
Xuneng
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 06:30 Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
parent: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
1 sibling, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Michael Paquier @ 2026-03-06 06:30 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>; +Cc: yangyz <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
On Fri, Mar 06, 2026 at 02:21:49PM +0800, Xuneng Zhou wrote:
> For a single-row function with ~8–10 columns, saving one palloc is a
> micro-optimization, not a major performance issue. I am not that sure of
> the benefit it brings, still preparing a small patch to turn the palloc
> into a fixed stack array.
Yes, I don't see a point in changing anything here.
--
Michael
Attachments:
[application/pgp-signature] signature.asc (833B, ../../[email protected]/2-signature.asc)
download
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 06:32 Chao Li <[email protected]>
parent: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
1 sibling, 2 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Chao Li @ 2026-03-06 06:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>; +Cc: yangyz <[email protected]>; Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
> On Mar 6, 2026, at 14:21, Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Hi Yuanzhuo,
>
> Thanks for looking into it.
>
> On Fri, Mar 6, 2026 at 1:48 PM yangyz <[email protected]> wrote:
> I reviewed the patch you submitted and identified two issues.
>
> 1.In the Add pg_stat_recovery system view patch file, the documentation
> modification indicates that the lack of permissions only results in the inability
> to view a few specific columns. But the implementation of the code is:
>
> if (! has_privs_of_role(GetUserId(), ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS))
> PG_RETURN_NULL(); If there is no permission, return an empty line. This is inconsistent with the written document.
>
> Yeah, this is a mismatch in the patch v3. However, it's been removed by Michael in the commit. So it should be fine in HEAD.
> 2.In the function pg_stat_get_recovery(), the two arrays "Datum *values" and "bool *nulls" consist of a fixed set of seven elements, so there is no need for dynamic allocation.
>
> For a single-row function with ~8–10 columns, saving one palloc is a micro-optimization, not a major performance issue. I am not that sure of the benefit it brings, still preparing a small patch to turn the palloc into a fixed stack array.
> --
> Best,
> Xuneng
Hi Xuneng,
I was reviewing the patch. Obviously, Michael was lightning fast and has already pushed 0001. I have one small additional comment on pushed 0001.
```
if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");
```
This uses elog(ERROR), while the other functions in the same file use ereport(ERROR). I think ereport is generally preferred nowadays over elog. This is a minor point, so only fix it if you have a chance.
I will send my comments on the remaining two patches separately.
Best regards,
--
Chao Li (Evan)
HighGo Software Co., Ltd.
https://www.highgo.com/
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 15:49 Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
parent: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Xuneng Zhou @ 2026-03-06 15:49 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Chao Li <[email protected]>; +Cc: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
Hi,
Thanks for looking into this.
On Fri, Mar 6, 2026 at 3:32 PM Chao Li <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
>
> > On Mar 5, 2026, at 21:01, Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > On Thu, Mar 5, 2026 at 3:37 PM Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]> wrote:
> >>
> >> Hi Michael,
> >>
> >> Thanks for the detailed feedback!
> >>
> >> On Thu, Mar 5, 2026 at 11:58 AM Michael Paquier <[email protected]> wrote:
> >>>
> >>> On Wed, Mar 04, 2026 at 09:02:29AM +0800, Xuneng Zhou wrote:
> >>>> Just rebase.
> >>>
> >>> I have applied 0001, that simply moves some code around.
> >>>
> >>
> >> Thanks for applying.
> >>
> >>> Regarding 0002, I would recommend to not bump the catalog version in
> >>> catversion.h when sending a patch to the lists. This task is left to
> >>> committers when the code gets merged into the tree. And this is
> >>> annoying for submitters because it can create a lot of conflicts.
> >>
> >> I'll leave it untouched.
> >>
> >>> Using a set-returning function is I think wrong here, betraying the
> >>> representation of the recovery status as stored in the system. We
> >>> know that there is only one state of recovery, fixed in shared memory.
> >>> Like the cousins of this new function, let's make thinks non-SRF,
> >>> returning one row all the time with PG_RETURN_NULL() if the conditions
> >>> for information display are not satisfied. When we are not in
> >>> recovery or when the role querying the function is not granted
> >>> ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, that will simplify the patch as there is no
> >>> need for the else branch with the nulls, as written in your patch.
> >>> The field values are acquired the right way, spinlock acquisitions
> >>> have to be short.
> >>
> >> My earlier thought for keeping pg_stat_get_recovery as an SRF is to
> >> make pg_stat_recovery simpler by avoiding an extra filter such as
> >> WHERE s.promote_triggered IS NOT NULL to preserve 0/1-row semantics.
> >> pg_stat_get_recovery_prefetch also uses the SRF pattern.
> >>
> >>> Like pg_stat_wal_receiver, let's add to the view definition a qual to
> >>> return a row only if the fields are not NULL.
> >>>
> >>> pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state() displays the pause_state, and it is
> >>> not hidden behind the stats read role. I am not really convinced that
> >>> this is worth bothering to treat as an exception in this patch. It
> >>> makes it a bit more complicated, for little gain. I would just hide
> >>> all the fields behind the role granted, to keep the code simpler, even
> >>> if that's slightly inconsistent with pg_get_wal_replay_pause_state().
> >>
> >> I agree that exposing a subset of columns unconditionally is not worth
> >> the added complexity.
> >>
> >>> After writing this last point, as far as I can see there is a small
> >>> optimization possible in the patch. When a role is not granted
> >>> ROLE_PG_READ_ALL_STATS, we know that we will not return any
> >>> information so we could skip the spinlock acquisition and avoid
> >>> spinlock acquisitions when one queries the function but has no access
> >>> to its data.
> >>
> >> Makes sense to me. I'll apply it as suggested.
> >>
> >>> + True if a promotion has been triggered for this standby server.
> >>>
> >>> Standby servers are implied if data is returned, this sentence can be
> >>> simpler and cut the "standby server" part.
> >>
> >> + 1
> >>
> >>> + Start LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
> >>> [...]
> >>> + End LSN of the last WAL record replayed during recovery.
> >>> [...]
> >>> + Timeline of the last replayed WAL record.
> >>> For other system views with LSN information, we don't use "LSN", but
> >>> "write-ahead log location". I'd suggest the same term here. These
> >>> three fields refer to the last record *successfully* replayed. It
> >>> seems important to mention this fact, I guess?
> >>
> >> I'll replace them.
> >>
> >>> + <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
> >>> + </para>
> >>> + <para>
> >>> + Current replay position. When replaying a record, this is the end
> >>> + position of the record being replayed; otherwise it equals
> >>> + <structfield>last_replayed_end_lsn</structfield>.
> >>>
> >>> Slightly inexact. This is the end LSN + 1.
> >>
> >> Yeh, this needs to be corrected.
> >>
> >>> + <structfield>replay_end_lsn</structfield> <type>pg_lsn</type>
> >>> [..]
> >>> + <structfield>replay_end_tli</structfield> <type>integer</type>
> >>>
> >>> Okay, I can fall behind the addition of these two, it could be helpful
> >>> in debugging something like a locking issue when replaying a specific
> >>> record, I guess. At least I'd want to know what is happening for a
> >>> record currently being replayed. It seems to me that this could be
> >>> more precise, mentioning that these refer to a record *currently*
> >>> being replayed.
> >>
> >> I will adjust the docs to say these describe the record currently
> >> being replayed, with replay_end_lsn being the end position + 1.
> >>
> >>> Is recoveryLastXTime actually that relevant to have? We use it for
> >>> logging and for recovery target times, which is something less
> >>> relevant than the other fields, especially if we think about standbys
> >>> where these have no targets to reach.
> >>
> >> I agree it is less central for standby monitoring (and partly overlaps
> >> with pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp()), so I’ll remove it from this
> >> view in the next revision.
> >>
> >>> currentChunkStartTime, on the contrary, is much more relevant to me,
> >>> due to the fact that we use it in WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable() with
> >>> active WAL receivers running.
> >>
> >> Yeah, it could be useful for apply-delay/catch-up diagnostics.
> >>
> >
> > Here is the updated patch set. Please take a look.
> >
> >
> > --
> > Best,
> > Xuneng
> > <v3-0001-Add-pg_stat_recovery-system-view.patch><v3-0002-Refactor-move-XLogSource-enum-to-xlogrecovery.h.patch><v3-0003-Add-wal_source-column-to-pg_stat_recovery.patch>
>
> 0001 has been pushed.
>
> 0002 is pure refactoring and only moves the structure XLogSource from .h to .c, thus no comment.
>
> A few comments on 0003.
>
> 1
> ```
> + /*
> + * Source from which the startup process most recently read WAL data.
> + * Updated when the startup process successfully reads WAL from a source.
> + * Note: this reflects the read source, not the original receipt source;
> + * streamed WAL read from local files will show XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL.
> + */
> + XLogSource lastReadSource;
> ```
>
> This comment says, "streamed WAL read from local files will show XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL”. But I don’t see how the conversion happens. In WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable(), there is a path XLogFileRead() is called with XLOG_FROM_STREAM, but in XLogFileRead(), source is directly assigned to XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource without conversion.
>
> On the other side, if “stream” is impossible, then the doc should not mention it:
> ```
> + <para>
> + <literal>stream</literal>: WAL actively being streamed from the
> + upstream server.
> + </para>
> ```
you're right, the comment is wrong. There is no conversion. In
WaitForWALToBecomeAvailable(), when the walreceiver has flushed data
ahead of the startup process, the code deliberately opens the segment
file with XLOG_FROM_STREAM , and the existing comment explains the
intent:
* Use XLOG_FROM_STREAM so that source info is set correctly
* and XLogReceiptTime isn't changed.
XLogFileRead() then assigns that directly to lastReadSource without
conversion. So XLOG_FROM_STREAM is a valid observable value — it means
the segment was opened during active walreceiver streaming, even
though the actual I/O is against a local file in pg_wal. I think
stream documentation entry should stay.
> 2 Related to 1. WRT the new column name wal_source, it sounds like “where WAL is coming from”. Say the comment of lastReadSource is true, WAL from stream is shown as pg_wal, “wal source” sounds more like stream, and “wal read source” is pg_wal. From this perspective, I just feel the new column name should be something like “wal_read_source”.
>
agreed, wal_read_source seems to be a better name. It more closely
mirrors the underlying lastReadSource field and avoids ambiguity about
whether the column describes the delivery mechanism or the read path.
Please check the updated patches.
--
Best,
Xuneng
Attachments:
[application/x-patch] v4-0001-Refactor-move-XLogSource-enum-to-xlogrecovery.h.patch (2.4K, ../../CABPTF7UyUWT0E4_vxzfxPkHy=hqjrO1wcKO_ZCLBq9+en_UpQQ@mail.gmail.com/2-v4-0001-Refactor-move-XLogSource-enum-to-xlogrecovery.h.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 86b6e0bac90ba6c9464525c80e74879cc06f7c4d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 13:59:29 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v4 1/2] Refactor: move XLogSource enum to xlogrecovery.h
Move the XLogSource enum definition from xlogrecovery.c to the public
header xlogrecovery.h to make it available for external use.
This is preparation for exposing WAL source information via the
pg_stat_recovery view. The xlogSourceNames array remains in the
implementation file as it's only used for debugging output.
No functional change.
---
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 12 ------------
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 12 ++++++++++++
2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index fbddd7e522c..11915ab3de0 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -204,18 +204,6 @@ typedef struct XLogPageReadPrivate
/* flag to tell XLogPageRead that we have started replaying */
static bool InRedo = false;
-/*
- * Codes indicating where we got a WAL file from during recovery, or where
- * to attempt to get one.
- */
-typedef enum
-{
- XLOG_FROM_ANY = 0, /* request to read WAL from any source */
- XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE, /* restored using restore_command */
- XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL, /* existing file in pg_wal */
- XLOG_FROM_STREAM, /* streamed from primary */
-} XLogSource;
-
/* human-readable names for XLogSources, for debugging output */
static const char *const xlogSourceNames[] = {"any", "archive", "pg_wal", "stream"};
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index 2842106b285..ba714a78280 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -60,6 +60,18 @@ typedef enum RecoveryPauseState
RECOVERY_PAUSED, /* recovery is paused */
} RecoveryPauseState;
+/*
+ * Codes indicating where we got a WAL file from during recovery, or where
+ * to attempt to get one.
+ */
+typedef enum XLogSource
+{
+ XLOG_FROM_ANY = 0, /* request to read WAL from any source */
+ XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE, /* restored using restore_command */
+ XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL, /* existing file in pg_wal */
+ XLOG_FROM_STREAM, /* streamed from primary */
+} XLogSource;
+
/*
* Shared-memory state for WAL recovery.
*/
--
2.51.0
[application/x-patch] v4-0002-Add-wal_source-column-to-pg_stat_recovery.patch (8.7K, ../../CABPTF7UyUWT0E4_vxzfxPkHy=hqjrO1wcKO_ZCLBq9+en_UpQQ@mail.gmail.com/3-v4-0002-Add-wal_source-column-to-pg_stat_recovery.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 2760c4e2b37a53a6d78410fd0661021d3ff1a871 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: alterego655 <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 14:02:52 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v4 2/2] Add wal_source column to pg_stat_recovery
Extend pg_stat_recovery with a wal_source column that shows where the
startup process most recently read WAL data from: 'archive', 'pg_wal',
or 'stream'.
This helps diagnose recovery behavior:
- Detecting streaming vs archive fallback transitions
- Monitoring initial standby catch-up progress
- Troubleshooting replication lag sources
The column reflects the current read source, not the original delivery
mechanism. Streamed WAL that is subsequently read from local files
shows 'pg_wal'. NULL if no WAL has been read yet.
---
doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c | 18 ++++++++++++
src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c | 6 ++++
src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql | 3 +-
src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h | 10 +++++++
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 6 ++--
src/test/regress/expected/rules.out | 5 ++--
7 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index b3d53550688..08132f3970a 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -2057,6 +2057,42 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
</entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+ <structfield>wal_read_source</structfield> <type>text</type>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Source from which the startup process most recently read WAL data.
+ Possible values are:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>archive</literal>: WAL restored using
+ <varname>restore_command</varname>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>pg_wal</literal>: WAL read from local
+ <filename>pg_wal</filename> directory.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <literal>stream</literal>: WAL actively being streamed from the
+ upstream server.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ <para>
+ NULL if no WAL has been read yet. Note that this reflects the
+ current read source, not the original delivery mechanism; streamed
+ WAL that is subsequently read from local files will show
+ <literal>pg_wal</literal>.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 80007783067..76e9fb00df3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -789,6 +789,7 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
TimestampTz recovery_last_xact_time;
TimestampTz current_chunk_start_time;
RecoveryPauseState pause_state;
+ XLogSource wal_read_source;
if (!RecoveryInProgress())
PG_RETURN_NULL();
@@ -807,6 +808,7 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
recovery_last_xact_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryLastXTime;
current_chunk_start_time = XLogRecoveryCtl->currentChunkStartTime;
pause_state = XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryPauseState;
+ wal_read_source = XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource;
SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
@@ -854,5 +856,21 @@ pg_stat_get_recovery(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum(GetRecoveryPauseStateString(pause_state));
+ switch (wal_read_source)
+ {
+ case XLOG_FROM_ANY:
+ nulls[8] = true;
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("archive");
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("pg_wal");
+ break;
+ case XLOG_FROM_STREAM:
+ values[8] = CStringGetTextDatum("stream");
+ break;
+ }
+
PG_RETURN_DATUM(HeapTupleGetDatum(heap_form_tuple(tupdesc, values, nulls)));
}
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
index 11915ab3de0..54b2979db8b 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogrecovery.c
@@ -397,6 +397,7 @@ XLogRecoveryShmemInit(void)
memset(XLogRecoveryCtl, 0, sizeof(XLogRecoveryCtlData));
SpinLockInit(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource = XLOG_FROM_ANY;
InitSharedLatch(&XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryWakeupLatch);
ConditionVariableInit(&XLogRecoveryCtl->recoveryNotPausedCV);
}
@@ -4249,6 +4250,11 @@ XLogFileRead(XLogSegNo segno, TimeLineID tli,
if (source != XLOG_FROM_STREAM)
XLogReceiptTime = GetCurrentTimestamp();
+ /* Update shared memory for external visibility */
+ SpinLockAcquire(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+ XLogRecoveryCtl->lastReadSource = source;
+ SpinLockRelease(&XLogRecoveryCtl->info_lck);
+
return fd;
}
if (errno != ENOENT || !notfoundOk) /* unexpected failure? */
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 2eda7d80d02..6f52d54b1fa 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -1008,7 +1008,8 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_recovery AS
s.replay_end_tli,
s.recovery_last_xact_time,
s.current_chunk_start_time,
- s.pause_state
+ s.pause_state,
+ s.wal_read_source
FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s
WHERE s.promote_triggered IS NOT NULL;
diff --git a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
index ba714a78280..04cffc33510 100644
--- a/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
+++ b/src/include/access/xlogrecovery.h
@@ -132,6 +132,16 @@ typedef struct XLogRecoveryCtlData
RecoveryPauseState recoveryPauseState;
ConditionVariable recoveryNotPausedCV;
+ /*
+ * Source from which the startup process most recently read WAL data:
+ * XLOG_FROM_ARCHIVE - retrieved via archive recovery
+ * XLOG_FROM_PG_WAL - read from pg_wal outside active streaming
+ * XLOG_FROM_STREAM - opened during active walreceiver streaming
+ * (I/O still reads a local pg_wal file)
+ * XLOG_FROM_ANY - initial/unknown before first successful read
+ */
+ XLogSource lastReadSource;
+
slock_t info_lck; /* locks shared variables shown above */
} XLogRecoveryCtlData;
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 361e2cfffeb..ffad581e616 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5704,9 +5704,9 @@
{ oid => '9949', descr => 'statistics: information about WAL recovery',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_recovery', proisstrict => 'f', provolatile => 's',
proparallel => 'r', prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => '',
- proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,timestamptz,text}',
- proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
- proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,recovery_last_xact_time,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state}',
+ proallargtypes => '{bool,pg_lsn,pg_lsn,int4,pg_lsn,int4,timestamptz,timestamptz,text,text}',
+ proargmodes => '{o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
+ proargnames => '{promote_triggered,last_replayed_read_lsn,last_replayed_end_lsn,last_replayed_tli,replay_end_lsn,replay_end_tli,recovery_last_xact_time,current_chunk_start_time,pause_state,wal_read_source}',
prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_recovery' },
{ oid => '6169', descr => 'statistics: information about replication slot',
proname => 'pg_stat_get_replication_slot', provolatile => 's',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
index deb6e2ad6a9..e15fd98ed9f 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -2135,8 +2135,9 @@ pg_stat_recovery| SELECT promote_triggered,
replay_end_tli,
recovery_last_xact_time,
current_chunk_start_time,
- pause_state
- FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, recovery_last_xact_time, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state)
+ pause_state,
+ wal_read_source
+ FROM pg_stat_get_recovery() s(promote_triggered, last_replayed_read_lsn, last_replayed_end_lsn, last_replayed_tli, replay_end_lsn, replay_end_tli, recovery_last_xact_time, current_chunk_start_time, pause_state, wal_read_source)
WHERE (promote_triggered IS NOT NULL);
pg_stat_recovery_prefetch| SELECT stats_reset,
prefetch,
--
2.51.0
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-06 15:52 Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
parent: Chao Li <[email protected]>
1 sibling, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Xuneng Zhou @ 2026-03-06 15:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Chao Li <[email protected]>; yangyz <[email protected]>; Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
Hi Tom,
On Fri, Mar 6, 2026 at 11:45 PM Tom Lane <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Chao Li <[email protected]> writes:
> > I have one small additional comment on pushed 0001.
> > ```
> > if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
> > elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");
> > ```
>
> > This uses elog(ERROR), while the other functions in the same file use ereport(ERROR). I think ereport is generally preferred nowadays over elog.
>
> No: you are incorrect and this snippet is perfectly normal (in fact,
> probably copied-and-pasted from one of many other occurrences).
> The actual coding rule is basically "use ereport() for user-facing
> errors and elog() for not-supposed-to-happen errors". What we're
> after is to not expend translator effort on not-supposed-to-happen
> error messages. While you can build a ereport call that's not
> translated, elog() is a lower-notation way to get the same result.
> See [1], particularly the elog() discussion near the end of the
> page.
>
> I've not read the patch so I don't know if it made sane ereport-vs-
> elog choices elsewhere, but this one is fine.
>
> regards, tom lane
>
> [1] https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/error-message-reporting.html
Thanks for your clarification!
--
Best,
Xuneng
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-09 05:20 Chao Li <[email protected]>
parent: Chao Li <[email protected]>
1 sibling, 1 reply; 65+ messages in thread
From: Chao Li @ 2026-03-09 05:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; +Cc: Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>; yangyz <[email protected]>; Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
> On Mar 6, 2026, at 23:45, Tom Lane <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Chao Li <[email protected]> writes:
>> I have one small additional comment on pushed 0001.
>> ```
>> if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
>> elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");
>> ```
>
>> This uses elog(ERROR), while the other functions in the same file use ereport(ERROR). I think ereport is generally preferred nowadays over elog.
>
> No: you are incorrect and this snippet is perfectly normal (in fact,
> probably copied-and-pasted from one of many other occurrences).
> The actual coding rule is basically "use ereport() for user-facing
> errors and elog() for not-supposed-to-happen errors". What we're
> after is to not expend translator effort on not-supposed-to-happen
> error messages. While you can build a ereport call that's not
> translated, elog() is a lower-notation way to get the same result.
> See [1], particularly the elog() discussion near the end of the
> page.
>
> I've not read the patch so I don't know if it made sane ereport-vs-
> elog choices elsewhere, but this one is fine.
>
> regards, tom lane
>
> [1] https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/error-message-reporting.html
Hi Tom, Thanks for the detailed explanation. Noted.
Would it make sense to mention this distinction in the header comments for ereport and elog in the code? For these logging APIs, I think developers are often more likely to read the code comments than the documentation.
Best regards,
--
Chao Li (Evan)
HighGo Software Co., Ltd.
https://www.highgo.com/
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
* Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view
@ 2026-03-09 06:06 Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
parent: Chao Li <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 65+ messages in thread
From: Michael Paquier @ 2026-03-09 06:06 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Chao Li <[email protected]>; +Cc: Tom Lane <[email protected]>; Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>; yangyz <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers <[email protected]>
On Mon, Mar 09, 2026 at 01:20:45PM +0800, Chao Li wrote:
>> [1] https://www.postgresql.org/docs/devel/error-message-reporting.html
>
> Would it make sense to mention this distinction in the header
> comments for ereport and elog in the code? For these logging APIs, I
> think developers are often more likely to read the code comments
> than the documentation.
As of the link already mentioned:
"Therefore, elog should be used only for internal errors .."
--
Michael
Attachments:
[application/pgp-signature] signature.asc (833B, ../../[email protected]/2-signature.asc)
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^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 65+ messages in thread
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2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
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2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
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2026-01-27 07:23 Add pg_stat_recovery system view Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2026-03-04 01:02 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2026-03-05 03:58 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2026-03-05 07:37 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2026-03-05 13:01 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 04:00 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 05:19 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Shinya Kato <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 05:28 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 06:06 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 05:48 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view =?utf-8?B?eWFuZ3l6?= <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 06:21 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 06:30 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 06:32 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Chao Li <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 15:52 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
2026-03-09 05:20 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Chao Li <[email protected]>
2026-03-09 06:06 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2026-03-06 15:49 ` Re: Add pg_stat_recovery system view Xuneng Zhou <[email protected]>
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